ObjectivesThe aim of present paper was to discuss issues related to trigeminal
neuralgia with strong emphasis on the aetiology and pathogenesis of this
problem.Material and MethodsAn electronic search of 5 databases (1965 - Oct 2012) and a hand search of
peer-reviewed journals for relevant articles were performed. In addition,
experience acquired from treating 3263 patients in the Department of
Maxillofacial Surgery, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, were also
summarized.ResultsGenerally, aetiological factors can be classified into 3 most popular
theories that were based on: 1) Related to other disease, 2) Direct injury
to the trigeminal nerve, and 3) Propagates the polyetiologic origin of the
disease. In addition, two pathogenesis mechanisms of trigeminal neuralgia
were proposed. First: the peripheral pathogenetic mechanism that is often
induced by progressive dystrophy around the peripheral branches of the
trigeminal nerve. Second, central pathogenetic mechanism which often
triggered by peripheral pathogen that causes long-lasting afferent
impulsation and the formation of a stable pathologic paroxysmal type
irritation focus on the central nerve system (CNS).ConclusionsPatients with susceptive trigeminal neuralgia should be examined carefully by
specialists who have expertise in assessing and diagnosing of possible
pathological processes and be able to eliminate the contributing factors so
the trigeminal neuralgia can be properly managed.