Internal combustion engine 4.0

Fraidl, Günter; Kapus, Paul; Mitterecker, Horst; Weißbäck, Michael

doi:10.1007/s38313-018-0064-y

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…In constant compression ratio engines, combustion is delayed at high loads to avoid knocking, resulting in higher exhaust gas temperatures. Enrichment is used to reduce the temperature, but the three-way catalyst works most efficiently under stoichiometric conditions (λ = 1), so the enrichment results in an increase in HC, CO, and fuel consumption (Baumgarten et al, 2018;Collée et al, 2017;Fraidl et al, 2018;Neubauer et al, 2019).…”

Section: Stoichiometric Operation At Full Loadmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of gasoline engines, there are some technologies, which have already been utilized to achieve appropriate efficiency and fuel consumption: turbocharged gasoline engine with direct injection (TGDI) or three-way catalytic converter and particulate filter. Efficient methods to extend the λ = 1 range include (Fraidl et al, 2018;Neubauer et al, 2019):…”

Section: Several Technical Solutions For λ =mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of Possibilities of λ = 1 Full Load Operation for Gasoline Engines in the Light of Future Emission Regulation

Szabados

Szűcs

Hézer

et al. 2022

Period. Polytech. Transp. Eng.

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To date, huge amounts of money have been invested in the development of internal combustion engines to reach the current level of technology. High specific power and good thermal efficiency have been achieved, thanks to which, internal combustion engines are now widely used. However, the driving force behind the developments is no longer the high performance, but the compliance with strict emission standards. Future emissions regulation, namely Euro 7, will be challenging for engine and vehicle manufacturers. One possible technical solution may be to use a stoichiometric air-fuel mixture on the entire engine map to meet the requirements of the Euro 7 emission standard. This article analyzes the change in Euro regulations in the light of Euro 7, as well as the theoretical background of the λ = 1 operation. Several technical possibilities to achieve the stoichiometric ratio, such as e.g. water injection or variable compression ratio are presented.

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Section: Stoichiometric Operation At Full Loadmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Several Technical Solutions For λ =mentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Possibilities of λ = 1 Full Load Operation for Gasoline Engines in the Light of Future Emission Regulation

Szabados

Szűcs

Hézer

et al. 2022

Period. Polytech. Transp. Eng.

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“…Several experts and scholars also had retorted the "death theory" of ICEs and argued for the importance and potential improvements of ICEs from different perspectives [3,[23][24][25]. The most representative is the editorial of the International Journal of Engine Research (IJER) in 2019, in which 37 experts from the US, Japan and Europe stated the continuing importance of ICEs to meet the world's mobility and power needs [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…What is more, few studies have taken the Chinese market and some key factors, such as the diversification of fuel designs and intelligent and connected technologies, into consideration specifically. Undoubtedly, the automotive industry is undergoing unprecedented restructuring, and one of the main driving forces is the energy revolution [13,[23][24][25]. Furthermore, the demand for energy is an ongoing topic, and the history of energy utilization has always been a process of continuous progress and alternating growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges, Potential and Opportunities for Internal Combustion Engines in China

et al. 2020

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With the increasing pressure on the automotive industry due to energy consumption, environmental pollution and climate change, internal combustion engines, which occupy a dominant position in traditional automotive powertrains, are facing considerable challenges from battery electric powertrains. This paper presents an in-depth analysis and objective interpretation of the challenges, potential and opportunities for internal combustion engines in this point. Specifically, the global automotive industry is approaching the “Power 2.0 era”, and multiple powertrains will coexist for a long time. The relationships between the various powertrains are complementary rather than simply competitive in China. Only by optimizing the product and technology combination can the best solution be obtained to meet the increasingly stringent regulations and the escalating needs for mobility. At the same time, internal combustion engines will continue to play an important role in the development of the automotive industry, and they have the potential for further improvement in plenty of areas, such as thermal efficiency, emissions and electrification. Internal combustion engines will undergo an important evolution toward high efficiency through fixed-point operation, system simplification and cost reduction. In addition, the electrification of powertrains, the upgrading and diversification of fuel designs, and the development of intelligent and connected technologies will bring unprecedented opportunities for making the internal combustion engine more efficient, green and clean to better serve society in the near future.

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“…While it is increasingly true that in many urban and extra-urban driving situations, modern production IC engines and exhaust after treatment systems actually clean the air (insofar as their tailpipe emissions of hydrocarbons (HCs), carbon monoxide (CO) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) are significantly lower than the background concentration) [6,7], a larger global problem is that of the emission of fossil carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). At present, the global atmospheric CO 2 concentration is increasing by at least 3 ppm per year, despite global action being taken to limit it.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol Fuels for Spark-Ignition Engines: Performance, Efficiency, and Emission Effects at Mid to High Blend Rates for Ternary Mixtures

et al. 2020

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This paper follows on from an earlier publication on high-blend-rate binary gasoline-alcohol mixtures and reports results for some equivalent ternary fuels from several investigation streams. In the present work, new findings are presented for high-load operation in a dedicated boosted multi-cylinder engine test facility, for operation in modified production engines, for knock performance in a single-cylinder test engine, and for exhaust particulate emissions at part load using both the prototype multi-cylinder engine and a separate single-cylinder engine. The wide variety of test engines employed have several differences, including their fuel delivery strategies. This range of engine specifications is considered beneficial with regard to the “drop-in fuel” conjecture, since the results presented here bear out the contention, already established in the literature, that when specified according to the known ternary blending rules, such fuels fundamentally perform identically to their binary equivalents in terms of engine performance, and outperform standard gasolines in terms of efficiency. However, in the present work, some differences in particulate emissions performance in direct-injection engines have been found at light load for the tested fuels, with a slight increase in particulate number observed with higher methanol contents than lower. A hypothesis is developed to explain this result but in general it was found that these fuels do not significantly affect PN emissions from such engines. As a result, this investigation supplies further evidence that renewable fuels can be introduced simply into the existing vehicle fleet, with the inherent backwards compatibility that this brings too.

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Internal combustion engine 4.0

Cited by 17 publications

References 1 publication

Investigation of Possibilities of λ = 1 Full Load Operation for Gasoline Engines in the Light of Future Emission Regulation

Investigation of Possibilities of λ = 1 Full Load Operation for Gasoline Engines in the Light of Future Emission Regulation

Challenges, Potential and Opportunities for Internal Combustion Engines in China

Alcohol Fuels for Spark-Ignition Engines: Performance, Efficiency, and Emission Effects at Mid to High Blend Rates for Ternary Mixtures

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