Internal Combustion Engine Performance and Emissions Aspects When Fueled by Conventional and Sustainable Fuels

Abstract

Internal combustion (IC) engines continue to maintain their position as principle prime mover for energy transformation especially in transportation and power sectors. Research on IC engines has many frontiers: optimum engine design to get better fuel utilization and mitigate spefici emissions; development of alternate fuels to reduce the dependence on fast depleting fossil fuels; use of oxygenated hydrocarbons in conventional compression ignition (CI) and spark ignition (SI) engines; development of reaction kinetics and thermal databases for different hydrocarbons to simulate combustion process in IC engines. This study reviews the status of the current research on all of the above mentioned frontiers. It lays down various parameters and their mutual dependencies and how they affect engine' performance and emissions characteristics. Various strategies that are employed to control these performance and emissions characteristics have been discussed. The application of different liquid (Alcohols and biofuels) and gaseous (natural gas and hydrogen) fuels as alternatives to the fossil fuels has been detailed. It also provides an insight into the development of various surrogates for gasoline and diesel fuels. Numerical modelling of the internal combustion engines and the application of emulsified nano‐fuels have also been discussed in detail.