Internal Consistency and Discriminant Validity of a Delay-Discounting Task With an Adult Self-Reported ADHD Sample

Abstract

Findings showed that the delay-discounting task is a promising task for both clinical research and practice as it has strong reliability overall and has moderate discriminant ability for self-reported ADHD in young adults.

New perspectives on self-control development: Highlighting the role of intentional inhibition

“…A promising start for studying intentional inhibition in motivationally relevant contexts in individuals with ADHD has been made in research employing delay discounting tasks (Barkley, Edwards, Laneri, Fletcher, & Metevia, 2001;Demurie, Roeyers, Baeyens, & Sonuga-Barke, 2012b;Hurst, Kepley, McCalla, & Livermore, 2011;Paloyelis, Asherson, Mehta, Faraone, & Kuntsi, 2010;Plichta et al, 2009;Scheres et al, 2006;Scheres, Tontsch, Thoeny, & Kaczkurkin, 2010;Wilson, Mitchell, Musser, Schmitt, & Nigg, 2011) or choice delay tasks (Solanto et al, 2001;SonugaBarke, Taylor, Sembi, & Smith, 1992; for a review, see Luman, Oosterlaan, and Sergeant (2005)). These tasks are relevant here, because participants have control over whether or not to control the tendency to act by inhibiting and waiting for the delayed reward.…”

Visuospatial working memory underlies choice-impulsivity in boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

“…Previous examinations indicate that both children (Dalen, Sonuga-Barke, Hall, & Remington 2004;Solanto et al, 2001) and adults (Hurst, Kepley, McCalla, & Livermore, 2011) with ADHD exhibit deficits on choice-impulsivity tasks, evidenced by more frequent selection of immediate-smaller reinforcement relative to delayed-larger reinforcement. These findings have been reliably demonstrated across various iterations of the prototypical choice-impulsivity task, including the Maudsley Index of Delay Aversion (Kuntsi, Stevenson, Oosterlaan, & Sonuga-Barke, 2001), flower-delay task (Sonuga-Barke et al, 1992), and delay discounting tasks (Rachlin, Raineri, & Cross, 1991;Hurst et al, 2011).…”

Reward Processing in Motivational and Affective Disorders

“…Also, on delay of gratification tasks (Mischel et al, 1989) children with hyperactivity exhibit a greater tendency to terminate the delay to obtain a smaller reward, rather than waiting an allotted time for a larger reward (Rapport et al, 1986). Furthermore, several studies now report steeper monetary discounting in children with ADHD (Paloyelis et al, 2009;Wilson et al, 2011;Demurie et al, 2012) or in adults with previous ADHD (Hurst et al, 2011).…”