In the era of the COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, it has become imperative to audit the environment surrounding us to prioritize public health and the healthcare system. This study aims to accelerate the reform of the economic development modes and the construction of a resource-friendly society. The environmental protection-oriented ecoenvironmental performance audit system is studied here. Based on the current situation of regional ecological pollution in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the situation and existing problems are analyzed for the ecoenvironment in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from the perspectives of biodiversity, water ecoenvironment, wetland ecoenvironment, and forest ecoenvironment. Then, the situation is deeply analyzed for the ecoenvironmental performance audit project in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Afterward, we explore the basic characteristics of the environmental audit and summarize the implementation path of resource and environmental audit. The results show that there are some problems in the control and utilization of funds for environmental protection and the development and protection of resources in the cities along the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Then we analyze the problems in the ecoenvironmental performance audit of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and give some suggestions for improving the ecoenvironmental performance audit work. The objective of this paper is to improve the application effect of ecoenvironmental performance audit and provide references for future environmental protection work which will have great impacts on public health and the development of healthcare services.