Internal Energy Based Grid-Forming Control for MMC-HVDC Systems With Wind Farm Integration

Yang, Renxin; Shi, Gang; Zhang, Chen; Li, Gen; Cai, Xu

doi:10.1109/tia.2022.3205569

Cited by 23 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Based on (B1), the U pcc2 can be expressed with respect to the P L2 and Q L2 as (23). Substituting (B2) into ( 24), ( 25) can be derived.…”

Section: Author Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Frequency support scheme of grid‐forming based hybrid cascaded HVDC integrated wind farms

Fan,

Chi,

Wang

2024

IET Generation Trans & Dist

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The grid‐following control‐based hybrid cascaded high‐voltage direct current (HC‐HVDC) links may contribute to the worsening of inertia decline and instability issues, especially in situations characterized by a weak grid. To address the challenge, this paper proposes a grid‐forming (GFM) based optimal frequency support scheme (OFSS) for HC‐HVDC integrated wind farms. Firstly, a GFM control for hybrid converter is proposed and its stability under weak grid conditions is evaluated through a small‐signal model. Then, DC current–voltage droop control is introduced to the line commutated converter (LCC). This control approach ensures the consistency of reactive power in the LCC by regulating the DC voltage and current in the same direction, thereby mitigating AC voltage fluctuations. It also facilitates active power control in the LCC in response to grid frequency variations. Furthermore, the OFSS can convey the frequency of receiving‐end grid to the rectifier and wind farms without communication for precise power control. Finally, to validate the effectiveness of OFSS, a point‐to‐point HC‐HVDC and a 4‐machine test model are constructed on PSCAD/EMTDC. The OFSS significantly enhances the frequency support capability of HC‐HVDC links and improves the robustness in weak grid.

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“…Based on (B1), the U pcc2 can be expressed with respect to the P L2 and Q L2 as (23). Substituting (B2) into ( 24), ( 25) can be derived.…”

Section: Author Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method enables autonomous grid synchronization without the need for a PLL and offers real‐time grid frequency mirroring capabilities. Furthermore, this concept is extended to multi‐terminal DC systems and wind turbines in [23] and [24], respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency support scheme of grid‐forming based hybrid cascaded HVDC integrated wind farms

Fan,

Chi,

Wang

2024

IET Generation Trans & Dist

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“…Modular multilevel converters are extensively utilized in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems owing to their modularity [1,2], extensibility [3,4], and favorable output performance [5][6][7]. Two operational modes are identified for MMC-HVDC projects: grid-connected mode and standalone mode [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability Enhancement Method of Standalone Modular Multilevel Converters Based on Impedance Reshaping

Zheng,

Hua,

Yang

et al. 2024

Energies

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Modular multilevel converters (MMCs) are susceptible to subsynchronous oscillations (SSOs) caused by impedance interactions in the power line. Current research into the stability of MMCs focuses mainly on voltage feed-forward control, while the effect of current feed-forward control is neglected. This paper proposes a current feed-forward compensation method based on impedance reshaping for standalone MMCs. Initially, an impedance model was developed to identify the stability risks caused by the interaction between the MMC and power line impedance. The proposed method feeds the current compensation signal into the modulation circuit, thereby improving the control signal and suppressing the impedance interaction between the MMC and the power line. The analysis of the harmonic state space (HSS) method verifies that the proposed approach effectively reduces the negative damping region in the frequency band where the SSO is located. Additionally, the impedance frequency scanning method confirms the accuracy of impedance modeling. Using the MATLAB/Simulink platform and StarSim HIL hardware-in-the-loop experimental platform, the SSO phenomenon of the MMC is simulated, and the results show that the proposed method can effectively suppress harmonic currents during SSO, which verifies the accuracy of the stability analysis and the feasibility of the proposed method.

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“…The flexible control methods offered by the modular multilevel converter-based high-voltage direct current (MMC-HVDC) allow for independent control of active and reactive power. This technology can provide AC voltage support to new energy stations and dynamically compensate for reactive power, making it a viable option for large-scale exports of renewable energy (Yang et al, 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable operating limits and improvement methods for hydropower and photovoltaic integration through MMC-HVDC systems

Peng,

Feng,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Front.Electron.

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This paper addresses the critical need to determine the stable operating limit of modular multilevel converter-based high voltage direct current (MMC-HVDC) systems, particularly concerning the integration of extensive renewable energy sources. To achieve this, the steady-state mathematical model and state-space model of bundled hydropower and photovoltaic integration through MMC-HVDC systems are established. A novel methodology considering steady-state and small-signal stability constraints is proposed to compute the stable operating region of the system. The quantitative assessment reveals that diminishing AC system short-circuit capacities amplify restrictions from small-signal stability constraints, thereby reducing the system's stable operating region. Eigenvalue and participation factor analyses shed light on the pivotal factors affecting small-signal stability in weak AC systems. To expand the system's stable operating region, a supplementary frequency damping control strategy is proposed. The theoretical analysis and calculation results are validated by building a simulation model for the bundled hydropower and photovoltaic integration through MMC-HVDC systems in PSCAD/EMTDC.

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Internal Energy Based Grid-Forming Control for MMC-HVDC Systems With Wind Farm Integration

Cited by 23 publications

References 27 publications

Frequency support scheme of grid‐forming based hybrid cascaded HVDC integrated wind farms

Frequency support scheme of grid‐forming based hybrid cascaded HVDC integrated wind farms

Stability Enhancement Method of Standalone Modular Multilevel Converters Based on Impedance Reshaping

Stable operating limits and improvement methods for hydropower and photovoltaic integration through MMC-HVDC systems

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