Internal erosion behaviour of compacted loess against different hydraulic conditions indicated by enhanced pinhole tests

Wu, Aifang; Cheng, Wen-Chieh; Kang, Nongbo; Shang, Sen; Xiao, Wei; Yuan, Kangze

doi:10.1007/s12517-021-08583-1

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…For example, this condition can be achieved by incorporating calcium-based materials, such as calcium hydroxide, calcium chloride, and calcium silicate. Another efficient way to overcome the adversities related to dispersion is by developing a cementitious matrix in the geomaterial by adding Portland cement, carbide lime, fly ashes, and glass ground [13,18,32,34].…”

Section: Crumb Tests Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Distilled water is forced to flow through the soil sample for 5 to 10 min under each value of H. The test is conducted by gradually increasing H from 50, 180, and 380 to 1020 mm. The applied hydraulic heads were chosen as convenient for laboratory use because they generate flow velocities (0.305-3.05 m/s) that approach the initial velocity that might be expected in leaks within earth dams and other structures [13].…”

Section: Pinhole Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nadal-Romero et al [12] conducted a study to assess the pipping erosion susceptibility of soils. Wu et al employed the pinhole test to calculate the internal erosion of compacted loess against different hydraulic conditions [13]. Other studies focused on improving dispersive soils [4,[14][15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of Dispersivity in Marine Clays of Cartagena de Indias, Colombia

Acuña,

Betancur,

Baldovino

et al. 2023

Geosciences

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This study assessed the dispersivity of soils extracted from the northern region of Cartagena de Indias (Colombia) using the pinhole test, crumb test, and chemical–microstructural analyses. Dispersive soils are susceptible to erosive phenomena upon contact with water, yet they have not been adequately characterized in the city. To evaluate the dispersivity degree of different deformed and undisturbed soil samples, soil characterization tests included particle size analysis, chemical composition, Atterberg limits, specific gravity, and compaction. The results showed that the soils are highly plastic clays (i.e., CH) with a slight to moderate dispersivity level (i.e., ND3) according to the pinhole test and a moderate degree of dispersivity confirmed by the crumb test. The extracted soil sample sodium levels ranged from 0.72% to 1.94%, and the soil had an optimal moisture content of 26% and a maximum apparent dry unit weight of 13.87 kN/m3. According to standards and results, Cartagena de Indias’s studied marine clays are unsuitable for civil construction due to the degree of uncertainty in their behavior.

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Section: Crumb Tests Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pinhole Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of Dispersivity in Marine Clays of Cartagena de Indias, Colombia

Acuña,

Betancur,

Baldovino

et al. 2023

Geosciences

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“…In recent years, microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) and enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) involving biomineralization have been studied. They aim not only to improve the mechanical and thermal behaviors of problematic soils (e.g., calcareous sand) ( Neupane et al, 2013 ; Carmona et al, 2016 ; Putra et al, 2016 ; Almajed et al, 2018 ; Li et al, 2020 ; Xu et al, 2020 ; Li et al, 2020 ; Xiao et al, 2020 ; Bai et al, 2021a ; Bai et al, 2021b ; Bai et al, 2021c ; Wu et al, 2021 ) but also to achieve the durability strengthening of concrete ( Achal et al, 2010 ; Tittelboom et al, 2010 ; Achal et al, 2013 ; Liu et al, 2020a ; Sun et al, 2021 ). MICP requires the existence of ureolytic bacteria, urea, and calcium-rich solution to drive the MICP biochemical reaction ( Bang et al, 2001 ; Bu et al, 2018 ; Li et al, 2017 ; Wen et al, 2019a ), which leads to ammonium and carbonate ion, and the produced carbonate ions react with calcium ions to precipitate as calcium carbonate crystals ( Hammes, 2003 ; Hammes et al, 2003 ; Fang et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revealing the Enhancement and Degradation Mechanisms Affecting the Performance of Carbonate Precipitation in EICP Process

Cheng

Wen

et al. 2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Given that acid-rich rainfall can cause serious damage to heritage buildings in NW China and subsequently accelerate their aging problem, countermeasures to protect their integrity and also to preserve the continuity of Chinese culture are in pressing need. Enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) that modifies the mechanical properties of the soil through enhancing the interparticle bonds by the precipitated crystals and the formation of other carbonate minerals is under a spotlight in recent years. EICP is considered as an alternative to the microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) because cultivating soil microbes are considered to be challenging in field applications. This study conducts a series of test tube experiments to reproduce the ordinary EICP process, and the produced carbonate precipitation is compared with that of the modified EICP process subjected to the effect of higher MgCl2, NH4Cl, and CaCl2 concentrations, respectively. The modified EICP, subjected to the effect of higher MgCl2 concentrations, performs the best with the highest carbonate precipitation. The enhancement mechanism of carbonate precipitation is well interpreted through elevating the activity of urease enzyme by introducing the magnesium ions. Furthermore, the degradation of carbonate precipitation presents when subjected to the effect of higher NH4Cl concentration. The decreasing activity of urease enzyme and the reverse EICP process play a leading role in degrading the carbonate precipitation. Moreover, when subjected to the effect of higher CaCl2 concentrations, the slower rate of urea hydrolysis and the decreasing activity of urease enzyme are primarily responsible for forming the “hijacking” phenomenon of carbonate precipitation. The findings of this study explore the potential use of the EICP technology for the protection of heritage buildings in NW China.

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