The origins of the branches of the subclavian artery are known to be variable. We present the case of a 55-year-old man whose coronary artery bypass surgery necessitated the use of the internal thoracic artery as he lacked other suitable venous conduits. The left internal thoracic artery appeared to be absent on subselective subclavian angiography. Computed tomographic angiography revealed a previously undescribed anomaly: origin of the internal thoracic artery from a thyrocervical trunk arising directly from the aortic arch.
CASE REPORTA 55-year-old steel company supervisor with multiple coronary risk factors had previously undergone multivessel coronary stenting following an abnormal stress test. One year later, a repeat stress test was again abnormal, and a new drug-eluting stent was placed in a de novo lesion. Dual antiplatelet therapy was continued. Several days later the patient reported a progressively severe headache, and computed tomography (CT) scanning revealed an acute right temporoparietal hemorrhagic infarct. All antiplatelets were discontinued. Seven months later, he developed angina pectoris, and repeat coronary angiography showed multiple stenoses necessitating coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).During angiography, the operator was unable to visualize the left internal thoracic artery (ITA) even on subselective injections of the subclavian artery (SCA). As the patient had previously undergone bilateral lower-extremity vein stripping, knowledge of the presence and suitability of the ITA was deemed essential given the paucity of potential graft conduits. CT angiogram revealed the presence of the left ITA arising from the thyrocervical trunk (TCT), which arose directly from the aortic arch (Figure). Flow in the ITA was not impeded.During the operation the left ITA was successfully harvested and had visibly normal fl ow. It was then sewn in a side-to-side fashion to the large diagonal ramus, and then it was coursed over and was sewn end-to-side to the intramyocardial portion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Th e patient's postoperative recovery was smooth, and 6 months later he was active and symptom free.
DISCUSSIONTh e ITA, TCT, vertebral artery, and costocervical trunk make up the four major branches of the fi rst part of the SCA. Th e ITA normally arises from the anteroinferior aspect of the fi rst part of the SCA at about the same level as the TCT, which has its origin on the anterosuperior aspect of the SCA. Th e TCT has three main branches: 1) the inferior thyroid artery, 2) the transverse cervical artery, and 3) the suprascapular artery (1). Variances in the origin of both the ITA and TCT have been reported. Th e ITA has been reported to arise anomalously from the TCT as well as from each of its branches (2-4). In addition, the ITA has been reported to arise anomalously from the third intercostal artery (5), from the lateral junction of the SCA and the aorta (6), from the distal part of the SCA (2), and from the axillary artery (2) and to be unilaterally as well as bilate...