Internal stresses and structures developed during creep

Cuddy, L. J.

doi:10.1007/bf02811548

Cited by 104 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The similar results of these were also obtained in other studies (Garofalo et al, 1962;Garofalo, 1965;Cuddy, 1970). …”

Section: Stress Exponent For a Creep Ratesupporting

confidence: 91%

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Creep Behavior of 9% Ni Alloy Steel at Elevated Temperatures

Suh¹,

Oh²

2011

Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology

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“…The similar results of these were also obtained in other studies (Garofalo et al, 1962;Garofalo, 1965;Cuddy, 1970). …”

Section: Stress Exponent For a Creep Ratesupporting

confidence: 91%

“…In this creep process, the dependence of a stress level on the elevated temperature creep rate is expressed as Eq. (5) according to the studies of Garofalo (1965) and Cuddy (1970).…”

Section: Stress Exponent For a Creep Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Creep Behavior of 9% Ni Alloy Steel at Elevated Temperatures

Suh¹,

Oh²

2011

Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology

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“…I of Cuddy's data, it is found that the two groups can be regarded as the same. This suggests that the strain rate at a strain of 0.15 that Cuddy (1970) reported is metallurgically equivalent to the MRC observed at low temperatures, although, in general, an MCR is hardly observed at temperatures as high as those in Cuddy's test.…”

Section: A8 Type-304 Steelmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Figure A8. Steady-state strain rate at a creep strain of 0.23 (circle) (Cuddy, 1970), deformation rate obtained in a torsion test (square) (Kassner et al, 1985), and minimum creep rate (triangle) (NIMS, 1986b) as functions of stress for type-304 steel. The values of for type-304 steel calculated using the parameter constants for Grs.…”

Section: A8 Type-304 Steelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Verification of Equation for Evaluating Dislocation Density during Steady-state Creep of Metals

Tamura¹

2017

JMSR

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Ninety-two sets of observed dislocation densities for crept specimens of 21 types of ferritic/martensitic and austenitic steels, Al, W, Mo, and Mg alloys, Cu, and Ti including germanium single crystals were collected to verify an equation for evaluating the dislocation density during steady-state creep proposed by Tamura and Abe (2015). The activation energy, , activation volume, , and Larson-Miller constant, , were calculated from the creep data. Using these parameter constants, the strain rate, and the temperature dependence of the shear modulus, a correction term, , was back-calculated from the observed dislocation density for each material. is defined in the present paper as a function of the temperature dependences of both the shear modulus and pre-exponential factor of the strain rate. The values of range from −394 to 233 kJmol and average 2.1 kJmol , which is a value considerably lower than the average value of (410.4 kJmol ), and values of are mainly within the range from 0 to 50 kJmol . The change in Gibbs free energy, ∆ , for creep deformation is obtained using the calculated value of , and the empirical relation ∆ ≅ ∆ is found, where ∆ is the change in Gibbs free energy for self-diffusion of the main componential element of each material. Experimental data confirm the validity of the evaluation equation for the dislocation density.

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“…17) Subgrains have been reported to form during deformation under this mechanism at temperatures above 700°C. 18,19) The size of these subgrains, l s , resulting from this type of creep, is strongly dependent on stress and is independent of the temperature and the steady state-creep strain. It is well established that the subgrain size varies with stress according to the relation: (1) where b is Burgers vector and A l is a constant for a given material.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Temperature Mechanical Behavior of a 30%Ni-19%Cr Steel

et al. 2003

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The deformation behavior at high temperature of a Type 800 Incoloy alloy reinforced by TiC particles was investigated by tensile and torsion tests at temperatures ranging from 800 to 1 200°C. The as-received material exhibited a microstructure of coarse equiaxic grains with subgrains decorated by small TiC particles. The material showed an activation energy for plastic flow of 400 kJ/mol similar to the activation energy for lattice diffusion in austenitic stainless steels. The stress exponents varied strongly with testing conditions. After testing at temperatures up to 1 000°C, the initial austenitic grains were elongated in the tensile direction, but the subgrain structure did not change with stress. In contrast, a microstructural refinement was observed after tensile testing at 1 100°C, which was associated with a process of dynamic recrystallization that occurs during deformation. At this temperature the deformation behavior of the material can be described by a slip creep mechanism. At the rest of the test temperatures the controlling mechanism is that of constant-structure slip creep.KEY WORDS: iron-base superalloy; microstructure; high temperature mechanical behaviour; constant structure creep.cidate the controlling deformation mechanism, the investigation was completed with a detailed microstructural analysis of the as received and deformed materials. Experimental ProcedureThe as-received material was supplied as a bar of 400 mm, which was prepared by hot rolling a bar of 600 mm in diameter heated to 1 200°C for 45 min and then air cooled. The chemical composition of the alloy used in the present study was determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma, except for nitrogen and carbon that were determined by infrared absorption after combustion in an induction furnace. The composition was the following (wt%): 30Ni-19Cr-0.8Mn-0.5Al-0.5Ti-0.45Si-0.12C-0.01N, balance Fe.The microstructures of the as-received material and after deformation were studied by optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalysis. Metallographic preparation included mounting the samples in baquelite and polishing by the conventional method. The microstructure was revealed by etching at room temperature with a solution of 45 mL of HCl, 15 mL of HNO 3 and 20 mL of distilled water.Elevated temperature mechanical properties were characterized by tensile and torsion tests. The tensile tests were performed at strain rates ranging from 3ϫ10 Ϫ6 to 2ϫ 10 Ϫ3 s Ϫ1 in the temperature range 800 to 1 100°C. Tensile samples with a rectangular cross section of 3ϫ5 mm and a gage length of 20 mm were machined in the direction parallel to the bar axis. In order to minimize the effect of oxidation, tensile tests were performed under a protective argon atmosphere. True tensile strains, stresses and strain rates were calculated from the load-deformation curves with the assumption of uniform deformation and conservation of volume.Hot torsion tests were performed at equivalent strain rates ranging f...

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Internal stresses and structures developed during creep

Cited by 104 publications

References 10 publications

Creep Behavior of 9% Ni Alloy Steel at Elevated Temperatures

Creep Behavior of 9% Ni Alloy Steel at Elevated Temperatures

Verification of Equation for Evaluating Dislocation Density during Steady-state Creep of Metals

High Temperature Mechanical Behavior of a 30%Ni-19%Cr Steel

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