Internal Structural Imaging of Cultural Wooden Relics Based on Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography

Abstract

An efficient method for the internal structural imaging of cultural wooden relics was explored through experimental techniques of three-dimensional (3-D) tomography and reconstruction. The techniques of filtering and segmentation were applied to the 3-D scanned data of wooden cultural relics.To obtain high resolution 3D data model, it was necessary to preprocess the raw data after CT scanning. Preprocessing included denoising, filtering, and segmentation. After completing these three steps, three-dimensional reconstruction experiments were carried out (including surface rendering and volume rendering). After the 3-D reconstruction, the wood internal properties were visually analyzed and used to create internal structural imaging of wooden artifacts. On the basis of volume rendering, wooden artifacts could be graphically divided at any angle and any position. The textures of local wooden relics were clearly revealed in the segmentation of the reconstruction pictures, and these were compared with the presented internal structural image testing of the wooden artifacts. This study showed that the proposed technology can successfully create internal structural images of wooden artifacts, as well as provide important data and models to support the renovation and recovery of the cultural wooden relics. Keywords INTRODUCTIONCurrently, three-dimensional (3-D) tomography technology is mainly used in the medical field but not in the protection and identification of wooden artifacts. However, there are some studies utilizing structural imaging technology in wood. Kak and Slaney (1988) used computed temography (CT) to analyze and graph X-ray detection results. Schmoldt et al. (1999) visualized the internal structure of wood with X-rays; the initial approach only contained one signal detector, and the wood had to be constantly moved. Ekevad (2004) described a CT-directional method where the fiber directions of wood in 3-D space were calculated from the pixel information on a series of two-dimensional (2-D) computed tomography images. This CT-directional method is a nondestructive way to measure fiber directions locally and in the interior of a piece of wood. Sarigul et al. (2005) developed the IntelliPost model system to improve the CT detection ability of wood defects. This system contained a learning model and an operation model. The learning model included wood defects identified by the operating equipment and established a system imaging rules for defects. The operational model discriminated the defects

A consolidation of degraded lime wooden support from heritage objects using two types of consolidant,

“…The diagnosis of some vernacular sculptures was made (Vitali et al 2021), the evaluation of wood from old buildings (Teaca et al 2019;Fierascu et al 2020), as well as some methods of cleaning old wood (Hamed et al 2013) were also analyzed. Modern methods of analysis, such as infrared spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and 3D digitization or tomography were used (Pavlidis et al 2007;Liu et al 2008;Popescu et al 2010;Deng et al 2016;Özgenç et al 2017;Zhao et al 2018;Neamtu et al 2021). Factors considered have included the quality of adhesives used in the restoration (Walsh-Korbs and Avérous 2019), the effect of water absorption on the mechanical properties (Sakuno and Schniewind 1990), and the reversibility of some typically used resins in consolidation (Charola et al 1986).…”

3D morphology of internal defects in wooden products based on computed tomography

“…This method can display the complete internal structure of the Guqin and obtain the size information of the Guqin cavity, which can provide technical support for the production process and quality inspection, but its internal visualization direction is limited. A later study (Zhao et al 2018) used CT technology (Philips 16 slice spiral CT produced in Holland was used in the experiment) to obtain a high-precision 3D model of wooden cultural relics. This method can perform virtual segmentation at any position and any angle inside the wooden cultural relics.…”