Internal surface polarity of regenerated cellulose gel depends on the species used as coagulant

Controlled molecular reorientation enables strong cellulose fibers regenerated from ionic liquid solutions

“…(Fig. 4) The non-solvent used in the coagulation bath had a pivotal effect on the crystallinity of the samples in accordance with the literature [21,23], where samples regenerated in MilliQ water were highly crystalline, while sample regenerated in ethanol were less crystalline (Fig. 4A).…”

“…It has been observed that crystallinity of the regenerated materials is dependent upon the dissolution time, the regeneration process [19e22] and the choice of nonsolvent [21e23]. The use of non-polar non-solvents prevents molecular stacking by hydrophobic interactions resulting in less crystalline cellulose [21,23,24]. Water plasticizes cellulose and lowers the glass transition temperature (T g ) [25e27].…”

Bilayer-Structured Regenerated Cellulose/Chitosan Films Prepared with Ionic Liquid

“…In addition, the observation of the plane of cellulose II contributed to the increased hydrophilic character of the film, as confirmed by the IR spectra. This increased hydrophilic character is a result of the formation of the plane of cellulose II due to stacking of the planar glucan chains through hydrophobic interaction, thereby causing the equatorial hydroxyl groups to be exposed on the sheet plane [29]. However, the diffraction pattern of RC/Ch-4 laminate film was observed to have a peak at 2θ of 22.5° for the lattice plane of cellulose II, with a lower intensity than that of the RC film, which was probably due to the presence of a hydrogen bonding interaction between the functional groups of both components.…”

Reproducibility of preparation of cellulose-based cryogels characterised by TG–MS

“…Commonly used solvents include N-methyl morpholine Noxide [6,7], aqueous solution of NaOH or LiOH and urea [8,9] or a melted mixture of calcium thiocyanate and water. Subsequent gelation and regeneration leads to cellulose gels which can be carefully dried either supercritically (to aerogels, e.g.…”