Internal Tides in Monterey Submarine Canyon

Hall, Rob; Carter, Glenn S.

doi:10.1175/2010jpo4471.1

Cited by 85 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Carter (2010) and Hall and Carter (2011) used a regional model with stratification representative of pre-upwelling conditions to investigate the surface and internal tides in the canyon region. However, the focus of these studies was the broader scale distribution of tidal energy and little attention was payed to the canyon head region.…”

Section: Numerical Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the focus of these studies was the broader scale distribution of tidal energy and little attention was payed to the canyon head region. Although Hall and Carter (2011) speculated that partly standing waves may be responsible for areas of elevated APE relative to HKE in the canyon, they conceded that the meandering bathymetry complicated the analysis and no coherent pattern consistent with a partly standing wave was found. Here, we re-examine the results of Hall and Carter (2011) by interpolating the model output onto a smoothed canyon axis that removes the influence of small-scale meanders.…”

Section: Numerical Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Guided by the modelling results of Hall and Carter (2011), we define a smoothed canyon axis that better follows the path of the depth-integrated baroclinic M 2 energy flux (Fig. 1c).…”

Section: Definition Of "Along-canyon"mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hall and Carter (2011) presented evidence that more remote generation sites in the region, including two offshore seamounts, have only a minor influence on the internal tide in the canyon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerical modelling studies of internal tides in the MSC region (Jachec et al, 2006;Carter, 2010;Hall and Carter, 2011;Kang and Fringer, 2012) have shown that the internal tide observed in the canyon is likely generated on Sur Slope, roughly 40 km to the south of the canyon mouth. Hall and Carter (2011) presented evidence that more remote generation sites in the region, including two offshore seamounts, have only a minor influence on the internal tide in the canyon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transition from partly standing to progressive internal tides in Monterey Submarine Canyon

Hall

Alford

Carter

et al. 2014

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

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Monterey Submarine Canyon is a large, sinuous canyon off the coast of California, the upper reaches of which were the subject of an internal tide observational program using moored profilers and upward-looking moored ADCPs. The mooring observations measured a near-surface stratification change in the upper canyon, likely caused by a seasonal shift in the prevailing wind that favoured coastal upwelling. This change in near-surface stratification caused a transition in the behaviour of the internal tide in the upper canyon from a partly standing wave during pre-upwelling conditions to a progressive wave during upwelling conditions. Using a numerical model, we present evidence that either a partly standing or a progressive internal tide can be simulated in the canyon, simply by changing the initial stratification conditions in accordance with the observations. The mechanism driving the transition is a dependence of down-canyon (supercritical) internal tide reflection from the canyon floor and walls on the depth of maximum stratification. During pre-upwelling conditions, the main pycnocline extends down to 200 m (below the canyon rim) resulting in increased supercritical reflection of the up-canyon propagating internal tide back down the canyon. The large up-canyon and smaller down-canyon progressive waves are the two components of the partly standing wave. During upwelling conditions, the pycnocline shallows to the upper 50 m of the watercolumn (above the canyon rim) resulting in decreased supercritical reflection and allowing the up-canyon progressive wave to dominate.

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Section: Numerical Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Numerical Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Guided by the modelling results of Hall and Carter (2011), we define a smoothed canyon axis that better follows the path of the depth-integrated baroclinic M 2 energy flux (Fig. 1c).…”

Section: Definition Of "Along-canyon"mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Transition from partly standing to progressive internal tides in Monterey Submarine Canyon

Hall

Alford

Carter

et al. 2014

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

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Numerical study on tidal mixing along the shelf break in the Green Belt in the southeastern Bering Sea

et al. 2013

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1] Tidal mixing and its associated iron and nutrients flux from a subsurface layer along the shelf break has been considered as one of the key processes to maintain the high summertime biological productivity in the Green Belt in the southeastern Bering Sea. In the present study, tidal mixing near the shelf break is examined with a three-dimensional highresolution numerical model to quantify the enhanced mixing and to reveal the underlying physical mechanisms based on the different characteristics of diurnal and semidiurnal internal waves. Strong turbulent mixing with energy dissipation rates of over 1 3 10 28 W/kg is reproduced along the Green Belt in the numerical model forced by barotropic diurnal and/or semidiurnal tides at open boundaries. The energy dissipation off the shelf break near the sea surface is enhanced due to the semidiurnal internal waves, whereas the dissipation near the bottom of the shelf break is enhanced by the diurnal topographically trapped waves. An additional experiment with stratification representative of winter conditions shows a significant influence of stratification on the energy dissipation off the shelf break due to the change in features of both diurnal and semidiurnal internal waves. Low-mode semidiurnal baroclinic energy flux from the Aleutian Passes is shown to increase the energy dissipation along the shelf slope between Pribilof and Zhemchug Canyons. These results suggest that the strong vertical mixing along the shelf break induced by the diurnal and semidiurnal tides both play important roles in maintaining the iron and nutrients supply along the Green Belt.

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Focusing of baroclinic tidal energy in a canyon

et al. 2016

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Strong three‐dimensional focusing of internal tidal energy in the Petite Sole Canyon in the Celtic Sea is analyzed using observational data and numerical modeling. In a deep layer (500–800 m) in the center of the canyon, shear variance was elevated by an order of magnitude. Corresponding large vertical oscillations of deep isotherms and a local maximum of horizontal velocity were replicated numerically using the MITgcm. The elevated internal tidal activity in the deep part of the canyon is explained in terms of the downward propagation and focusing of multiple internal tidal beams generated at the shelf break. The near‐circular shape of the canyon head and steep bottom topography throughout the canyon (steeper than the tidal beam) create favorable conditions for the lens‐like focusing of tidal energy in the canyon's center. Observations and modeling show that the energy focusing greatly intensifies local diapycnal mixing that leads to local formation of a baroclinic eddy.

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Internal Tides in Monterey Submarine Canyon

Cited by 85 publications

References 44 publications

Transition from partly standing to progressive internal tides in Monterey Submarine Canyon

Transition from partly standing to progressive internal tides in Monterey Submarine Canyon

Numerical study on tidal mixing along the shelf break in the Green Belt in the southeastern Bering Sea

Focusing of baroclinic tidal energy in a canyon

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