Internal wave study in the South China Sea using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)

Liu, A. K.; Hsu, M. K.

doi:10.1080/01431160310001592148

Cited by 77 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The induced flow dominates the upper ocean and hence an ISW can be observed by satellite as dark and light bands. Hundreds of satellite images collected in the SCS show that ISWs propagating westward are frequently observed [Liu and Hsu, 2004].…”

Section: Studies On the Source Of Internal Solitary Wave In The Southmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction and generation of long-crested internal solitary waves in the South China Sea

Chen¹,

Liu²,

Wang³

et al. 2011

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] Oblique nonlinear interactions based on the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation (also known as the two-dimensional Korteweg-de Vries equation) are extended to internal solitary waves (ISWs) to explain why the amplitude does not decrease owing to the geometric spreading of the cylindrical wavefronts in the South China Sea (SCS). This resonance theory is used to explain a satellite image exhibiting special features, and it is proposed that wave arcs of different amplitude resonate, providing a mechanism for reinforcing a wave by boosting the amplitude. The present theory suggests the amplitude of the ISW that propagates across the SCS basin depends on the interaction of ISWs originating from different sources; hence, studying the generation of an ISW from a single source location cannot predict the ISW correctly.

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Section: Studies On the Source Of Internal Solitary Wave In The Southmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction and generation of long-crested internal solitary waves in the South China Sea

Chen¹,

Liu²,

Wang³

et al. 2011

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…In the upper water, mixing with the Tropical Water is an important control on the mixed layer water composition (Tseng et al 2007). During the exchange of water between the Philippine Sea and the SCS through the Luzon Strait, some of the strongest internal waves in the world are generated at the bottom of the mixed layer (Liu et al 1998;Liu and Hsu 2004;Ramp et al 2004). These waves propagate primarily westward and cover a large portion of the northern SCS but the SEATS station is located outside of their major propagation pathways (Zhao et al 2004).…”

Section: The Study Area -The Southeast Asian Time-series Study (Seatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upper water structure and mixed layer depth in tropical waters: The SEATS station in the northern South China Sea

Tai¹,

Wong²,

Pan³

2017

Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci.

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The variability of the upper water hydrographic structure, the efficacy of the different schemes for estimating the mixed layer depth (MLD), the inter-comparability estimation of the MLDs and diurnal and intra-annual MLD climatology in the tropical waters in the northern South China Sea were accessed in 702 depth-profiles of potential temperature (θ) and salinity collected in 64 cruises between 17.5 and 18.5°N and 115.3 and 116.3°E from 1997 to 2013. The hydrographic structure may be subdivided into three principal types: the classical type, with quasi-isopycnal surface mixed layer followed by an abrupt increase in the depth-gradient in θ and potential density (σ θ ) to mark the MLD; the stepwise type, with one or more small stepwise decreases in θ and/or increases in σ θ in the mixed layer; and the graded type, with a general decrease in θ and increases in σ θ with depth into the main pycnocline without a clear break to mark the MLD. These three types of upper waters were found in 75, 10, and 15% of the cruises. Out of the 10 schemes for estimating the MLD, only the fixed temperature difference method of 0.5 and 0.8°C from the 10-m temperature yielded consistent results, with root mean square error and mean absolute percentage difference of 2 m and 2%. MLD varied diurnally with an average standard deviation of 4 m from the mean. The monthly average MLD reached a maximum of 80 m in December/January and dropped to a minimum of 25 m in May.

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“…In the literature, it is worth noting that SAR images have been a primary source for ISW study in the SCS (Liu and Hsu 2004;Li, Zhao, and Pichel 2008;Li, Jackson, and Pichel 2013;Liu et al 2014;Zhao and Alford 2006;Zhao, Liu, and Li 2014). The advantage of SAR is its high spatial resolution, all-weather and day-night imaging capabilities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking the internal waves in the South China Sea with environmental satellite sun glint images

Liu¹,

Hong²,

Ding³

et al. 2014

Remote Sensing Letters

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The propagation of internal solitary waves (ISWs) in the South China Sea (SCS) was tracked using National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) sun glint image pairs. The acquisition times of the two images comprising the same pair is usually separated by about 2 hours. Four pairs of images in May and August 2013 were analysed. The ISW phase speeds were derived using the horizontal displacement of the ISW patterns and the time difference between the 2 satellite images. The phase speeds were in good agreement with the theoretical calculations using the Sturm-Louisville (S − L) equation with a non-linear term. Monthly ocean stratification data and bathymetry were used in the theoretical calculations. The ISW phase speeds are mainly affected by bottom depth, with seasonal variations. The ISWs propagated faster in August than in May. Our results also show that the ISW propagation in northern SCS can be mapped using environmental satellite sun glint images in short period of time with the advantage of large scale.

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Internal wave study in the South China Sea using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)

Cited by 77 publications

References 6 publications

Interaction and generation of long-crested internal solitary waves in the South China Sea

Interaction and generation of long-crested internal solitary waves in the South China Sea

Upper water structure and mixed layer depth in tropical waters: The SEATS station in the northern South China Sea

Tracking the internal waves in the South China Sea with environmental satellite sun glint images

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