Internalized Homonegativity, Disclosure, and Acceptance of Sexual Orientation in a Sample of Portuguese Gay and Bisexual Men, and Lesbian and Bisexual Women

Assessment of factors associated with the quality of life of patients living with HIV/HCV co-infection

“…It is known that depressive symptoms are prevalent in HCV-infected patients, whether receiving treatment for HCV or not (Schaefer et al, 2012). Although this study did not provide data regarding current or past treatment for hepatitis C, it is also likely that these increased symptoms among co-infected patients may reflect the evidence suggesting that these symptoms are recognised adverse consequences of interferon-based HCV therapy (the most commonly used treatment for HCV infection at the time of data collection) (Huckans et al, 2015;Whale et al, 2015), which often persist after the cessation of treatment ( (Costa, Pereira, & Leal, 2013). Thus, in this specific group, it is possible that this growing acceptance may be associated with reduced experiences of discrimination, and consequently with reduced psychological burden imposed by sexual minority status.…”

Sexual Behavior and HIV Testing Practices among Men who have Sex with Men in Portugal

“…Consequently, the identity development of MSM individuals is restricted by these negative societal attitudes, which generally results in the internalization of the stigma associated with their sexual and/or gender identity [25], which has been shown to be associated with risky sexual behaviors [26].…”

Orientación sexual y trastorno de ansiedad social: una revisión sistematica

“…Esta situación emocional y social se conoce como estrés de las 'minorías', que en este caso aplica a las personas no heterosexuales 30 . Este estrés puede ser mucho mayor en personas no heterosexuales dado que el complejo estigma-discriminación comienza en el grupo familiar cercano [31][32][33] ; y suele incrementarse por el autoestigma internalizado, llamado comúnmente homofobia internalizada [34][35][36] . Igualmente, se ha documentado que las personas no heterosexuales informan menor apoyo social por la orientación sexual que personas de otros grupos minoritarios por sus características, como las personas afrodescendientes 37 .…”