Internalized stigma among patients with substance use disorders at a tertiary care center in India

Sarkar, Siddharth; Balhara, Yatan Pal Singh; Kumar, Saurabh; Saini, Vinay; Kamran, Akriti; Patil, Vaibhav; Singh, Swarndeep; Gyawali, Shreeya

doi:10.1080/15332640.2017.1357158

Cited by 35 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Stigma is a multidimensional construct with different types including public, perceived, enacted, and internalized stigma, which are described by different researches [1]. Stigmatization is an assignment of negative perceptions to an individual because of perceived difference from the population at large.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between internalized stigma and treatment motivation, perceived social support, depression and anxiety levels in opioid use disorder

Akdağ

Kotan

Köse

et al. 2018

Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology

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OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine how internalized stigma differs in opioid use disorder (OUD) based on sociodemographic and clinical variables, and to what extent internalized stigma is related to treatment motivation, perceived social support, depression, and anxiety levels. METHODS: One hundred forty-five individuals with OUD included. Sociodemographic and clinical data form, the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale (ISMI), Treatment Motivation Questionnaire (TMQ), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Beck Anxiety Inventory were utilized in the study to collect data. Bivariate and partial correlation coefficients between variables were computed. ISMI and TMQ scores were compared between patients with depressive symptoms and patients without depressive symptoms by using t-test and Mann Whitney U test. RESULTS: Internalized stigma was high among male patients with heroin use disorder. There was a positive correlation between internalized stigma score and treatment motivation, depression, and anxiety levels. On the other hand, there was a negative correlation between internalized stigma score and multidimensional perceived social support. CONCLUSION: Internalized stigma occupies an important place in the treatment of OUD, which occurs with frequent relapses and which is hard to treat. Not only application for treatment but also adherence to treatment and treatment motivation at maintenance phase bestow a complicated relationship with depression and anxiety. In the struggle against internalized stigma, it plays a vital role to mobilize people's social support systems, to educate families on the issue and to get in touch with support units exclusive to heroin users.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between internalized stigma and treatment motivation, perceived social support, depression and anxiety levels in opioid use disorder

Akdağ

Kotan

Köse

et al. 2018

Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology

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“…Poly-substance misuse had a stronger association with perceived stigma (AOR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.29, 3.24) than mono-substance misuse. Of course individuals with poly-substance misuse may have face different psychosocial discrimination in the community 40 , 41 and may be experience rejection with various aspects of the social system and leads them feel stigmatized in their life span. 14 Some individuals who take additional illicit drugs such as cannabis may face the threat of legal sanctions and experiences of marginalization (stigma) in the community.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived stigma and associated factors among adults with problematic substance use in Northwest Ethiopia

Belete

Ali

Mekonen

et al. 2021

PRBM

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Background Substance use-related problems including cigarette smoking and alcohol use are among leading preventable risk factors for premature death. However, people with these problems did not get the appropriate treatment they need. Stigma against substance use could be the potential barrier for people with problematic substance use to seek professional help. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate magnitude and associated factors of perceived stigma towards problematic substance use. Methods A total of 2400 participants were screened using the Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, and Eye-opener (CAGE) Adapted to Include Drugs (CAGE-AID) questionnaire. We found 540 participants screened positive for problematic substance use (alcohol, hashish, tobacco and khat) and interviewed them for perceived stigma using Perceived Stigma of Substance Abuse Scale (PSAS). Logistic regression was used to examine associated factors with perceived stigma. Results Three hundred forty-five (63.9%) participants reported perceived stigma above the mean value of Perceived Stigma of Substance Abuse Scale (PSAS). Variables positively associated with perceived stigma were lower wealth and joblessness, history of separation from family members before age of 18 years, poly-substance misuse and awareness about economic crisis of substance use. Conclusion Approximately, three in five people with problematic substance use perceived having been stigmatized by others. Health planning for problematic substance use should focus on stigma.

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“…The locality, socioeconomic and educational status, and the duration of drug use were some other demographic and clinical correlates of stigma. [15][16][17] We hypothesized that over time, OAT would reduce the stigma among individuals with opioid dependence. The study's primary objective was to examine the change in the levels of internalized and enacted stigma among patients with opioid dependence over three months of buprenorphine-based agonist treatment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Course and Correlates of Stigma in Patients on Opioid Agonist Treatment: A Prospective Study from an Outpatient Treatment Program in India

Ghosh

Roub

Pillai

et al. 2021

Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine

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Background: Individuals with opioid dependence experience stigma and discrimination. Stigma can potentially reduce treatment-seeking and negatively affect treatment outcomes. We aimed to study the course of stigma and its correlates among patients receiving opioid agonist treatment (OAT). Methods: We recruited 51 subjects (aged between 18 and 45 years) registered in the OAT clinic from February to September 2019. We excluded subjects dependent on alcohol and other drugs (except for cannabis and tobacco), with severe mental illness, intellectual disability, and organic brain disease. We assessed the internalized and enacted stigma and quality of life at the treatment entry and after 3 months. Relationship of stigma with quality of life, socio-demographic, and other clinical variables were examined at the treatment entry. Results: Mean age of the subjects was 26.7 (± 5) years. At the end of three months, 33 (64.7%) patients were retained in the treatment. Internalized stigma correlated negatively with the social and environmental domains of quality of life. The strength of the correlations was modest. No significant correlation was found between demographic and clinical variables and internalized stigma and enacted stigma scores. Both internalized and enacted stigma scores reduced significantly at 3 months follow-up. The significance levels were retained even after controlling for the baseline quality of life scores. Stigma at the treatment entry did not predict early dropout. Conclusion: Despite higher severity at the treatment entry, the level of internalized and enacted stigma reduced significantly within three months of an outpatient-based OAT program.

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Internalized stigma among patients with substance use disorders at a tertiary care center in India

Cited by 35 publications

References 37 publications

The relationship between internalized stigma and treatment motivation, perceived social support, depression and anxiety levels in opioid use disorder

The relationship between internalized stigma and treatment motivation, perceived social support, depression and anxiety levels in opioid use disorder

Perceived stigma and associated factors among adults with problematic substance use in Northwest Ethiopia

Course and Correlates of Stigma in Patients on Opioid Agonist Treatment: A Prospective Study from an Outpatient Treatment Program in India

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