Internalized stigma of mental illness: psychometric properties of a new measure

Ritsher, Jennifer Boyd; Otilingam, Poorni G.; Grajales, Monica

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2003.08.008

Cited by 1,238 publications

(1,291 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…It is worth noting that patients may be more able (and therefore likely) to explicitly articulate needs for information than they are able to voice some of the emotional issues, like guilt, shame, stigma, fear, (Ritsher et al, 2003;Dinos et al, 2004;Lannin et al, 2015) with which PGC is ideally placed to help. However, patients' emotional needs were rarely seen by physicians as primary reasons for referral to PGC, partly because PGC was perceived as an information provision service, but also because participants (who were primarily psychiatrists) -of course correctly -felt that addressing patients' emotional needs falls within their own scope of practice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How do Physicians Decide to Refer Their Patients for Psychiatric Genetic Counseling? A Qualitative Study of Physicians’ Practice

Leach

Morris

White

et al. 2016

Journal of Genetic Counseling

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Psychiatric genetic counseling (PGC) is an emerging specialty discipline within the genetic counseling profession. A specialist PGC service was founded in 2012 in Vancouver, Canada, and though patient benefits have been demonstrated, many physicians do not regularly refer patients to the service despite awareness of its availability. We conducted a qualitative study involving semistructured telephone interviews with Vancouver-based physicians who were aware of the PGC service to explore this phenomenon. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, coded, and analysed for emergent themes. Consistent with a grounded theory approach, constant comparison was employed throughout data collection and analysis. Analyses of interviews conducted with 12 physicians revealed that referral practices were informed by perceptions about the purpose of PGC and interpretation of patient cues. Physicians perceived PGC as an information-focused intervention, and considered referral when patients explicitly expressed desire for information about recurrence risk or etiology that they feel unable to adequately address themselves. Even when physicians identified psychotherapeutic benefits of PGC, patient needs of this nature were not perceived as cues prompting referral to PGC. These data suggest that further work is necessary to position PGC in physicians' minds as a service that could potentially benefit most individuals with psychiatric disorders and their families, and that encompasses more than information provision. It is important to increase physicians' awareness of the complementary role that genetic counselors can play to that of the physician in providing psychotherapeutically oriented counselling about illness etiology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How do Physicians Decide to Refer Their Patients for Psychiatric Genetic Counseling? A Qualitative Study of Physicians’ Practice

Leach

Morris

White

et al. 2016

Journal of Genetic Counseling

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“…Past work has conceptualized stigma resistance as being unaffected by stigmatizing attitudes (Boyd et al, 2004;Ritsher et al, 2003) as well as more actively challenging or deflecting encounters with stigma (Thoits, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most commonly used measure is the "Stigma Resistance" subscale of the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale (ISMIS; Ritsher et al, 2003). This subscale is comprised of 5 reverse-scored items that reflect a positive illness identity, such as "I can have a good, fulfilling life, despite my mental illness" and "Living with mental illness has made me a tough survivor."…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, although the overall ISMIS has shown good reliability (Boyd et al, 2014), the Stigma Resistance subscale scores have variable reliability (Ritsher et al, 2003). As a result, some research on self-stigma using the ISMIS calculates a self-stigma score that excludes Stigma Resistance subscale or examines this sub-scale separately (Lysaker et al, 2012;MashiachEizenberg et al, 2013;Park et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stigma resistance is positively associated with psychiatric and psychosocial outcomes: A meta-analysis

Firmin

Luther

Lysaker

et al. 2016

Schizophrenia Research

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“…Finally it has a validity scale which assesses defensive selfenhancement and thus may identify persons who may present with an inflated view of their self-worth. To assess internalized stigma we chose the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale (ISMIS; Ritsher et al, 2003). The ISMIS has the benefit of providing separate assessments of discrimination experiences, acceptance of stereotypic beliefs and sense of being fundamentally different from others due to mental illness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of multiple domains of self-esteem with four dimensions of stigma in schizophrenia

Lysaker

Tsai

Yanos

et al. 2008

Schizophrenia Research

122

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Research suggests global self-esteem among persons with schizophrenia may be negatively affected by stigma or stereotyped beliefs about persons with severe mental illness. Less clear however, is whether particular dimensions of self-esteem are linked to particular domains of stigma. To examine this we surveyed a range of self-esteem dimensions including lovability, personal power, competence and moral self-approval and four domains of stigma: Stereotype endorsement, Discrimination experience, Social withdrawal and Stigma rejection. Participants were 133 adults with diagnoses of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Stepwise multiple regressions controlling for a possible defensive response bias suggested that aspects of self-esteem related to lovability by others were more closely linked with lesser feelings of being alienated from others due to mental illness. Aspects of self-esteem related to the ability to manage one's own affairs were more closely associated with the rejection of stereotypes of mental illness. A sense of being able to influence others was linked to both the absence of discrimination experiences and the ability to ward off stigma. Implications for treatment are discussed.

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Internalized stigma of mental illness: psychometric properties of a new measure

Cited by 1,238 publications

References 25 publications

How do Physicians Decide to Refer Their Patients for Psychiatric Genetic Counseling? A Qualitative Study of Physicians’ Practice

How do Physicians Decide to Refer Their Patients for Psychiatric Genetic Counseling? A Qualitative Study of Physicians’ Practice

Stigma resistance is positively associated with psychiatric and psychosocial outcomes: A meta-analysis

Associations of multiple domains of self-esteem with four dimensions of stigma in schizophrenia

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