Internalized stigma predicts erosion of morale among psychiatric outpatients

Ritsher, Jennifer Boyd; Phelan, Jo C.

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2004.08.003

Cited by 538 publications

(460 citation statements)

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“…The internalized stigma of mental illness scale (ISMIS; Ritsher et al, 2003;Ritsher and Phelan, 2004) is a 29-item questionnaire designed to assess subjective experience of stigma. It presents participants with first person statements and asks them to rate on a 4 point Likert scale regarding whether they agree or disagree with statements related to having a mental illness.…”

Section: The Internalized Stigma Of Mental Illness Scale-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scale scores are calculated as averages with higher scores suggesting graver experiences of stigma. Evidence of acceptable internal consistency, test-retest reliability, factorial and convergent validity have been reported including links with morale and well being (Ritsher et al, 2003;Ritsher and Phelan, 2004).…”

Section: The Internalized Stigma Of Mental Illness Scale-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a consequence, while identifying oneself as "a person with schizophrenia" may be linked to greater awareness of illness and possibly treatment adherence, it is also associated with threats to self-esteem, self efficacy and hope for the future (Link et al, 2001;Lysaker et al, in press;Lysaker et al, 2007a,b;Markowitz, 1998;Roe, 2003;Ritsher and Phelan, 2004;Wright et al, 2000;Watson et al, in press). In fact research has suggested that stigma may reduce self-esteem regardless of symptom level and cognitive function and lead to poorer outcome including depression, humiliation and shame (Birchwood et al, 2005;Landeen et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tarrier and colleagues (2004), for instance, have found that suicidal ideation among persons with psychosis was linked to hopelessness, which was in turn linked to negative self-evaluation. Speaking to the long-term effects of stigma, several authors have suggested that beyond having an immediately distressing impact, stigma may be internalized (Ritsher and Phelan, 2004), and impede a person's chances of establishing identities unrelated to mental illness (Corrigan and Watson, 2002;Skaff and Pearlin, 1992) paving the way to even more entrenched forms of psychosocial dysfunction (McCay and Seeman, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Internalized stigma refers not only to the acceptance or internalization of stigmatizing beliefs, but also a general sense that one does not belong in the social world of others in routine life (Ritsher and Phelan, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Associations of multiple domains of self-esteem with four dimensions of stigma in schizophrenia

Lysaker

Tsai

Yanos

et al. 2008

Schizophrenia Research

122

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Research suggests global self-esteem among persons with schizophrenia may be negatively affected by stigma or stereotyped beliefs about persons with severe mental illness. Less clear however, is whether particular dimensions of self-esteem are linked to particular domains of stigma. To examine this we surveyed a range of self-esteem dimensions including lovability, personal power, competence and moral self-approval and four domains of stigma: Stereotype endorsement, Discrimination experience, Social withdrawal and Stigma rejection. Participants were 133 adults with diagnoses of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Stepwise multiple regressions controlling for a possible defensive response bias suggested that aspects of self-esteem related to lovability by others were more closely linked with lesser feelings of being alienated from others due to mental illness. Aspects of self-esteem related to the ability to manage one's own affairs were more closely associated with the rejection of stereotypes of mental illness. A sense of being able to influence others was linked to both the absence of discrimination experiences and the ability to ward off stigma. Implications for treatment are discussed.

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Section: The Internalized Stigma Of Mental Illness Scale-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Internalized Stigma Of Mental Illness Scale-mentioning

confidence: 99%