Internalizing and Externalizing Behaviour Problems in Childhood Contribute to the Development of Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa—A Study Comparing Sister Pairs

Adambegan, Mandana; Wagner, Gudrun; Nader, Ingo W.; Fernández‐Aranda, Fernando; Treasure, Janet; Karwautz, Andreas

doi:10.1002/erv.1152

Cited by 33 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Parent reports of externalizing behavior problems and internalizing behaviors during adolescence predicted ED persistence to age 20 in a population-based study [70]. These findings are consistent with a sister-pair study showing that premorbid internalizing problems in childhood were implicated in AN onset in adolescence, whereas both internalizing and externalizing behaviors preceded BN onset [71].…”

Section: Cognitive Behavioral and Emotional Ed Risk Factorssupporting

confidence: 85%

Recent Advances in Developmental and Risk Factor Research on Eating Disorders

Bakalar

Shank

Vannucci

et al. 2015

Curr Psychiatry Rep

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The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (i.e., DSM-5) currently recognizes three primary eating disorders: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder. The origins of eating disorders are complex and remain poorly understood. However, emerging research highlights a dimensional approach to understanding the multifactorial etiology of eating disorders as a means to inform assessment, prevention, and treatment efforts. Guided by research published since 2011, this review summarizes recent findings elucidating risk factors for the development of eating disorders across the lifespan in three primary domains: (1) genetic/biological, (2) psychological, and (3) socio-environmental. Prospective empirical research in clinical samples with full-syndrome eating disorders is emphasized with added support from cross-sectional studies, where relevant. The developmental stages of puberty and the transition from adolescence to young adulthood are discussed as crucial periods for the identification and prevention of eating disorders. The importance of continuing to elucidate the mechanisms underlying gene by environmental interactions in eating disorder risk is also discussed. Finally, controversial topics in the field of eating disorder research and the clinical implications of this research are summarized.

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Section: Cognitive Behavioral and Emotional Ed Risk Factorssupporting

confidence: 85%

Recent Advances in Developmental and Risk Factor Research on Eating Disorders

Bakalar

Shank

Vannucci

et al. 2015

Curr Psychiatry Rep

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show abstract

“…having no close friends in childhood; [33,35] fewer social activities [36] and less social support [37]). In part, this relates to temperamental characteristics, as people with EDs are inhibited and shy with internalising problems [38]. Loneliness, feelings of inferiority and high levels of social anxiety [39] are also reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The cognitive-interpersonal maintenance model of anorexia nervosa revisited: a summary of the evidence for cognitive, socio-emotional and interpersonal predisposing and perpetuating factors

2013

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AimTo describe the evidence base relating to the Cognitive-Interpersonal Maintenance Model for anorexia nervosa (AN).BackgroundA Cognitive-Interpersonal Maintenance Model maintenance model for anorexia nervosa was described in 2006. This model proposed that cognitive, socio-emotional and interpersonal elements acted together to both cause and maintain eating disorders.MethodA review of the empirical literature relating to the key constructs of the model (cognitive, socio-emotional, interpersonal) risk and maintaining factors for anorexia nervosa was conducted.ResultsSet shifting and weak central coherence (associated with obsessive compulsive traits) have been widely studied. There is some evidence to suggest that a strong eye for detail and weak set shifting are inherited vulnerabilities to AN. Set shifting and global integration are impaired in the ill state and contribute to weak central coherence. In addition, there are wide-ranging impairments in socio-emotional processing including: an automatic bias in attention towards critical and domineering faces and away from compassionate faces; impaired signalling of, interpretation and regulation of emotions. Difficulties in social cognition may in part be a consequence of starvation but inherited vulnerabilities may also contribute to these traits. The shared familial traits may accentuate family members’ tendency to react to the frustrating and frightening symptoms of AN with high expressed emotion (criticism, hostility, overprotection), and inadvertently perpetuate the problem.ConclusionThe cognitive interpersonal model is supported by accumulating evidence. The model is complex in that cognitive and socio-emotional factors both predispose to the illness and are exaggerated in the ill state. Furthermore, some of the traits are inherited vulnerabilities and are present in family members. The clinical formulations from the model are described as are new possibilities for targeted treatment.

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“…Concurrently, it was shown that internalizing problems (cf. anxiety, depression and somatization) preceded the development of anorexia nervosa, whereas both internalizing and externalizing behavior problems (aggressive and delinquent behavior) preceded bulimic disorders [159]. Van Camp et al [160] have obtained a significant association of WNT10B, in the Wnt pathway, with body mass index (BMI) for three of their genotyped tag SNPs (rs4018511, rs10875902, rs833841) in a case-control population of Belgian men as analyzed by logistic regression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurogenetics and Epigenetics in Impulsive Behaviour: Impact on Reward Circuitry

Archer

Oscar‐Berman²,

Blum³

et al. 2012

J Genet Syndr Gene Ther

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Adverse, unfavourable life conditions, particularly during early life stages and infancy, can lead to epigenetic regulation of genes involved in stress-response, behavioral disinhibition, and cognitive-emotional systems. Over time, the ultimate final outcome can be expressed through behaviors bedeviled by problems with impulse control, such as eating disorders, alcoholism, and indiscriminate social behavior. While many reward gene polymorphisms are involved in impulsive behaviors, a polymorphism by itself may not translate to the development of a particular behavioral disorder unless it is impacted by epigenetic effects. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) affects the development and integrity of the noradrenergic, dopaminergic, serotonergic, glutamatergic, and cholinergic neurotransmitter systems, and plasma levels of the neurotrophin are associated with both cognitive and aggressive impulsiveness. Epigenetic mechanisms associated with a multitude of environmental factors, including premature birth, low birth weight, prenatal tobacco exposure, non-intact family, young maternal age at birth of the target child, paternal history of antisocial behavior, and maternal depression, alter the developmental trajectories for several neuropsychiatric disorders. These mechanisms affect brain development and integrity at several levels that determine structure and function in resolving the final behavioral expressions.

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Internalizing and Externalizing Behaviour Problems in Childhood Contribute to the Development of Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa—A Study Comparing Sister Pairs

Abstract: Internalizing problems (anxiety, depression and somatization) preceded the development of AN, whereas both internalizing and externalizing behaviour problems (aggressive and delinquent behaviour) preceded bulimic disorders.

Cited by 33 publications

References 25 publications

Recent Advances in Developmental and Risk Factor Research on Eating Disorders

Recent Advances in Developmental and Risk Factor Research on Eating Disorders

The cognitive-interpersonal maintenance model of anorexia nervosa revisited: a summary of the evidence for cognitive, socio-emotional and interpersonal predisposing and perpetuating factors

Neurogenetics and Epigenetics in Impulsive Behaviour: Impact on Reward Circuitry

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