Internally electrodynamic particle model: Its experimental basis and its predictions

Abstract

The internally electrodynamic (IED) particle model was derived based on overall experimental observations, with the IED process itself being built directly on three experimental facts that, a) electric charges present with all material particles, b) an accelerated charge generates electromagnetic waves according to Maxwell's equations and the Planck energy Open questions. The need for a comprehensive particle modelIt is well established today that all material particles exhibit a dual wave and particle property, hence described as matter waves, and their motions at quantum scale are governed by the Schrödinger, or alternatively the Heisenberg, and the Dirac equations in the respective velocity regimes. We are also faced today with a range of open questions regarding particles in the realm of fundamental physics. What is waving with the matter wave (ψ) which also dually manifests as a particle? How does a particle interfere with itself say in a double-slit? How is an electromagnetic wave on absorption converted to a portion or the whole of the mass or energy of a particle, and conversely on emission? What is the origin of mass? Why do masses attract one another? How does the gravity enter quantum wave equation? And so forth.The ultimate answers to the questions inevitably are intimately interconnected. For example, one can not have answered what is waving without answering at the same time how mass enters

Vacuum Potentials for the Two Only Permanent Free Particles, Proton and Electron. Pair Productions

“…So the charges +e, −e which carry a potential energy V pvnv (r nv ) at the particles' production as given by (19), and their spins 2 's which carry a kinetic energy, must exist in the vacuum, whence the vaculeons composing a vacuuon, so as to satisfy the requirement of energy conservation. Similar discussion was made in terms of the pair annihilation in [2,9,13].…”

“…The p v , n v have spins 2 each; in their bound state in a vacuuon their spin magnetic moments are oriented in opposite directions in each others' magnetic fields. The vacuuon structure, as a building entity of the substantial vacuum, is constructed based on overall experimental indications, most directly the pair production and annihilation experiments in particular [2,9,13]; see further the discussion after (21) later.…”

“…where the permitted j values are results of the general solutions of the quantum commutation relation for the angular momentum J here, J × J = i J. r lj = r lrlj is the quantised radius vector of the instantaneous circular orbit l of a normal or axis of rotation n; n is at a fixed angle θ mj = arccos (J zmj /J j ) to the z axis and rotates about the z axis at the angular velocity ω ω ω T P z in opposite sense to that of the ω o -orbital angular motion projected in the xy plane, whence the Thomas precession; see Fig 1b. The magnitude of r lj , |r lj | = r l is unchanged subjected to the radial eigenvalue equation (13) but immediately to the quantum equation (15a) here. υ υ υ j = dr lj /dt = ω ω ω × r lj ; ω ω ω = r lj × υ υ υ j /r 2 l = |ω ω ω o − ω ω ω T P |n is the precessional-orbital angular velocity.…”

A Theory of Gravity and General Relativity based on Quantum Electromagnetism

“…An Internally Electrodynamic (IED) model of particles, along with a polarisable vacuuonic dielectric vacuum, has been developed by the author since 2000 using overall experimental observations for particles and vacuum as input information. Based on first principles solutions for the IED particles in a unified framework of classical, quantum and relativistic mechanics, it has been possible to predict a range of the well-established basic properties and relations of particles (see [12] for a review and the original papers). One of the solutions is a depolarisation radiation (DR) Lorentz force acting between IED matter particles in a polarisable dielectric vacuum [13], which resembles in all respects Newton's gravity.…”

Self Interference of Single Electrodynamic Particle in Double Slit

“…The IED process is governed by a minimal set of well established basic, or first principles laws (for a recent review see e.g. [4], [5j]). A range of basic properties and relations for particles have become predictable in terms the first principle's solutions for the IED process under corresponding conditions; solutions already obtained by the author include those reported in [5a-l].…”