International Careers of Researchers in Biomedical Sciences: A Comparison of the US and the UK.

Lawson, Cornelia; Geuna, Aldo; Fernández-Zubieta, Ana; Toselli, Manuel; Kataishi, Rodrigo

doi:10.2139/ssrn.2743217

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Empirical studies have shown that the United States has been a magnet for scientists from all over the world since the mid-20 th century, particularly during its hegemonic period [ 37 , 38 ], but it has continued to attract scientists also in the early 21 st century [ 39 ]. The mobility to the United States is typically motivated by better opportunities for increased productivity and/or scientific impact [ 40 , 41 ] and by career advancement [ 42 ]. Therefore, it is plausible to assume that scientists educated in strongly institutionalized environments would frequently migrate to research settings in which research organizations are less determined by their institutional environment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Institutional environments and breakthroughs in science. Comparison of France, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States

2020

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Scientific and/or technical breakthroughs require the exploration of novel ideas and technologies. Yet, it has not been studied quantitatively how national institutional contexts either facilitate or stifle organizational support for exploration. Available qualitative evidence suggests that institutional contexts that exert weak control over universities and research organizations strengthen their capabilities to achieve scientific breakthroughs, while contexts with strong control constrain them. The paper is based on an analysis of the population of Nobel laureates in Physics, Chemistry and Physiology or Medicine. We examine to what extent existing qualitative findings for the biomedical sciences, which are partly based on Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine, can be substantiated both quantitatively and across the three Nobel Prize fields of science. We find that for most of the 20 th century and the early 21 st century, countries with weak institutional control (United Kingdom, United States) have outperformed those exerting strong control (France, Germany). These results are further corroborated when controlled by population sizes and by GDP per capita. In addition, these results hold not only for the biomedical sciences, but also for Physics and Chemistry. Furthermore, countries with weak institutional control have attracted many future Nobel laureates from countries with strong environments. In this regard, the United States appears to be a particularly attractive setting for conducting innovative research, and thus has been a magnet for young and promising scientists. However, future laureates working in institutional environments exerting weak control are not faster in accomplishing their prizewinning work compared to those laureates working in more restrictive institutional settings.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Institutional environments and breakthroughs in science. Comparison of France, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States

2020

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“…Conversely, two independent studies comprising U.S. and UK scientists do not find significant performance differentials across movers and nonmovers (Hunter, Oswald, and Charlton, 2009;Lawson et al 2015). Kerr and colleagues (Kerr, Kerr, and Lincoln, 2013;Kerr and Lincoln, 2010) use stochastic name matching to differentiate immigrants from non-immigrants and find no evidence of performance differentials (including patent citations and patent originality) in a large sample of U.S. inventors.…”

Section: International Mobility Innovation and Performancementioning

confidence: 96%

Context Factors and the Performance of Mobile Individuals in Research Teams

2017

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We use survey data for 4,336 scientific teams, located in 16 countries, where all members were working within a single lab, to test three context factors that potentially affect the capability of internationally mobile individuals to enhance the innovation performance of their research units. We formulate hypotheses on context factors rooted in the knowledge recombination and learning-by hiring theories. The results show that three context factors are positively associated with international mobility and the performance of the research units: the degree to which knowledge in the relevant subfield of science is geographically concentrated, the creative intent of the activities performed and the decision power of the mobile individual.

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“…Conversely, two independent studies comprising US and UK scientists do not find significant performance differentials across movers and non‐movers (Hunter et al, ; Lawson et al ). Kerr and colleagues (Kerr and Lincoln, ; Kerr et al, ) use stochastic name matching to differentiate immigrants from non‐immigrants and find no evidence of performance differentials (including patent citations and patent originality) in a large sample of US inventors.…”

Section: International Mobility Innovation and Performancementioning

confidence: 96%

Context Factors and the Performance of Mobile Individuals in Research Teams

Franzoni

Scellato

Stephan

2017

J Management Studies

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We use survey data for 4336 scientific teams, located in 16 countries, where all members were working within a single lab, to test three context factors that potentially affect the capability of internationally mobile individuals to enhance the innovation performance of their research units. We formulate hypotheses on context factors rooted in the knowledge recombination and learning-by hiring theories. The results show that three context factors are positively associated with international mobility and the performance of the research units: the degree to which knowledge in the relevant subfield of science is geographically concentrated, the creative intent of the activities performed and the decision power of the mobile individual.

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International Careers of Researchers in Biomedical Sciences: A Comparison of the US and the UK.

Abstract: from the JAE-Doc "Junta para la Ampliación de Estudios" Programme that is co-financed by the Social Structure Funds (SSF).

Cited by 5 publications

References 59 publications

Institutional environments and breakthroughs in science. Comparison of France, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States

Institutional environments and breakthroughs in science. Comparison of France, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States

Context Factors and the Performance of Mobile Individuals in Research Teams

Context Factors and the Performance of Mobile Individuals in Research Teams

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