International Clinical Practice Guidelines for Sarcopenia (ICFSR): Screening, Diagnosis and Management

Dent, Elsa; Morley, John E.; Cruz-Jentoft, Alfonso J.; Arai, Hidenori; Kritchevsky, Stephen B.; Guralnik, Jack M.; Bauer, Jürgen; Pahor, Marco; Clark, Brian C.; Cesari, Matteo; Ruiz, Jorge G.; Sieber, Cornel; Aubertin‐Leheudre, Mylène; Waters, Debra L.; Visvanathan, Renuka; Landi, Francesco; Villareal, Dennis T.; Fielding, Roger A.; Won, Chang Won; Theou, Olga; Martin, Finbarr C.; Dong, Birong; Woo, Jean; Flicker, Leon; Ferrucci, Luigi; Merchant, Reshma Aziz; Cao, Li; Cederholm, Tommy; Ribeiro, Sandra Maria Lima; Rodríguez-Mañas, L.; Anker, Stefan D.; Lundy, Janice; Robledo, Luis Miguel Gutiérrez; Bautmans, Ivan; Aprahamian, Ivan; Schols, Jos M. G. A.; Izquierdo, Mikel; Vellas, Bruno

doi:10.1007/s12603-018-1139-9

Cited by 683 publications

(601 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…Although sarcopenia and SO include decreased muscle mass as required diagnostic criteria, the majority of updated recommendations emphasize the importance of muscle function evaluations for supporting these diagnostics . Despite the absence of performance measurements, our study applied validated cut‐points and recommended diagnostic criteria for reduced lean mass that were previously able to predict significant weakness using a pooled sample originated from nine different longitudinal cohorts or clinical trial studies . Moreover, the relevance of our findings relies on the originality of revealing potential relationships between sleep and sarcopenia or SO, which are expected to be further explored in upcoming investigations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) for the morphological criteria definition of sarcopenia was applied according to the Foundation National Institute of Health, International Working Group on Sarcopenia . More recently, guidelines have been recommended this criterion as one of the objective tools for the diagnosis of sarcopenia . Appendicular skeletal muscle mass adjusted for BMI was generated for each participant, and pre‐specified cut‐offs for sarcopenia were established according to previous studies (men: <0.789 and women: <0.512) .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations between sleep conditions and body composition states: results of the EPISONO study

Piovezan

Hirotsu

Moizinho

et al. 2019

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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Background Evidence suggests anthropometric indicators of obesity are associated with changes in sleep quality and quantity, and the presence of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Investigations including diverse and objective evaluations of sleep and body composition are scarce. We aimed to evaluate the associations between indicators of sleep impairment and body composition states in a sample from a population‐based study. Methods Participants of the first follow‐up of the EPISONO (São Paulo, Brazil) >50 years were cross‐sectionally evaluated. Sleep was assessed through questionnaires, actigraphy, and polysomnography. Body composition was evaluated by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass adjusted for body mass index defined sarcopenia (men <0.789 and women <0.512). Total body fat defined obesity (men >30% and women >40%). The overlap between both conditions defined sarcopenic obesity (SO). Final results were obtained by multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results Three hundred fifty‐nine adults [mean (standard deviation) age, 61 (8.8) years; 212 (59.1%) female] were enrolled. Obesity was detected in 22.6% of the sample, sarcopenia in 5.6%, and SO in 16.2%. After controlling for covariates, OSA was associated with SO [odds ratio = 3.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.49–6.61]. Additionally, nocturnal hypoxaemia was associated with both obesity (adjusted odds ratio = 2.59, 95% CI = 1.49–4.49) and SO (odds ratio = 2.92, 95% CI = 1.39–6.13). Other indicators of poor sleep/sleep disorders were not associated with body composition states. Conclusions Sarcopenic obesity but not obesity alone was associated with OSA. Both obesity and SO but not sarcopenia were associated with nocturnal hypoxaemia. The findings suggest a complex pathophysiologic relationship between adverse body composition states and OSA. Upcoming research on risk factors and therapeutic interventions for OSA should target synchronically the lean and adipose body tissues.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between sleep conditions and body composition states: results of the EPISONO study

Piovezan

Hirotsu

Moizinho

et al. 2019

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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“…Towards the end of last year, two consensus articles on sarcopenia of aging were published. One was an update by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia (EWGSOP2), and the other was on the management of sarcopenia of aging by the International Clinical Practice Guidelines for Sarcopenia (ICFSR) . The EWGSOP2 requires low muscle strength as a key characteristic of low muscle quality and the presence of low muscle quantity to confirm the diagnosis.…”

Section: Evolving Definition Of Sarcopeniamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SARC‐F has been translated into multiple languages. The SARC‐F is also recommended by the ICFSR for screening . The specificity of the SARC‐F can be improved by measuring calf circumference as well .…”

Section: Evolving Definition Of Sarcopeniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Sarcopenia: A Time for Action. An SCWD Position Paper

Bauer

Morley

Schols

et al. 2019

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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518

370

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The term sarcopenia was introduced in 1988. The original definition was a “muscle loss” of the appendicular muscle mass in the older people as measured by dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA). In 2010, the definition was altered to be low muscle mass together with low muscle function and this was agreed upon as reported in a number of consensus papers. The Society of Sarcopenia, Cachexia and Wasting Disorders supports the recommendations of more recent consensus conferences, i.e. that rapid screening, such as with the SARC‐F questionnaire, should be utilized with a formal diagnosis being made by measuring grip strength or chair stand together with DXA estimation of appendicular muscle mass (indexed for height2). Assessments of the utility of ultrasound and creatine dilution techniques are ongoing. Use of ultrasound may not be easily reproducible. Primary sarcopenia is aging associated (mediated) loss of muscle mass. Secondary sarcopenia (or disease‐related sarcopenia) has predominantly focused on loss of muscle mass without the emphasis on muscle function. Diseases that can cause muscle wasting (i.e. secondary sarcopenia) include malignant cancer, COPD, heart failure, and renal failure and others. Management of sarcopenia should consist of resistance exercise in combination with a protein intake of 1 to 1.5 g/kg/day. There is insufficient evidence that vitamin D and anabolic steroids are beneficial. These recommendations apply to both primary (age‐related) sarcopenia and secondary (disease related) sarcopenia. Secondary sarcopenia also needs appropriate treatment of the underlying disease. It is important that primary care health professionals become aware of and make the diagnosis of age‐related and disease‐related sarcopenia. It is important to address the risk factors for sarcopenia, particularly low physical activity and sedentary behavior in the general population, using a life‐long approach. There is a need for more clinical research into the appropriate measurement for muscle mass and the management of sarcopenia. Accordingly, this position statement provides recommendations on the management of sarcopenia and how to progress the knowledge and recognition of sarcopenia.

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“…Age‐related sarcopenia or cachexia is associated with a decrease in muscle mass and strength; this reduces the quality of life and increases nursing care requirements and mortality . Sarcopenia and cachexia represent unmet needs, and the sarcopenia medical care guidelines were established recently . Medication provides one treatment option, and the ghrelin agonist anamorelin was approved for this condition in the USA in 2017.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A selective androgen receptor modulator SARM‐2f activates androgen receptor, increases lean body mass, and suppresses blood lipid levels in cynomolgus monkeys

Morimoto

Yamaoka

Hara

2020

Pharmacology Res & Perspec

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SARM‐2f a selective androgen receptor (AR) modulator, increases skeletal muscle mass and locomotor activity in rats. This study aimed to clarify its pharmacological effects in monkeys. In reporter assays, the EC50 values of SARM‐2f for rat, monkey, and human AR were 2.5, 3, and 3.6 nmol/L, respectively; those of testosterone were 12, 3.2, and 11 nmol/L, respectively. A single oral administration (10 mg/kg SARM‐2f) produced a maximal plasma concentration of 3011 ng/mL, with an area under the 24 hours concentration‐time curve of 8152 ng·h/mL in monkeys. Body weight (BW), lean body mass (LBM), and plasma levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipoprotein (a), alanine aminotransferase, and asparagine aminotransferase were measured after 4 weeks of treatment with SARM‐2f (1, 3, and 10 mg/kg/day, QD, p.o.) or testosterone enanthate (TE; 2 mg/kg/2 weeks, s.c.) in monkeys. BW and LBM were significantly increased by 12% each by SARM‐2f at 10 mg/kg, and by 5% and 8%, respectively, by TE, but these effects were not statistically significant. Plasma levels of all lipids were either decreased or showed a tendency to be decreased by SARM‐2f. TE decreased the triglyceride level and increased the low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol level. Liver marker levels were not changed by either SARM‐2f or TE. Our data demonstrated that SARM‐2f exerted anabolic effects and produced a lipid profile that differed from that produced by testosterone in monkeys, suggesting that SARM‐2f might be useful for diseases such as sarcopenia.

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International Clinical Practice Guidelines for Sarcopenia (ICFSR): Screening, Diagnosis and Management

Cited by 683 publications

References 111 publications

Associations between sleep conditions and body composition states: results of the EPISONO study

Associations between sleep conditions and body composition states: results of the EPISONO study

Sarcopenia: A Time for Action. An SCWD Position Paper

A selective androgen receptor modulator SARM‐2f activates androgen receptor, increases lean body mass, and suppresses blood lipid levels in cynomolgus monkeys

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