International Conference on Climate Risk Management, inputs for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s Sixth Assessment Report

Singh, Roop; Pérez, Erin Coughlan de; Warrick, Olivia; Suarez, Pablo; Koelle, Bettina; Jjemba, Eddie; Aalst, Maarten van; Roberts, Debra; Pörtner, Hans O.; Jones, Richard G.

doi:10.1080/17565529.2018.1521331

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…For policy-makers, humanitarian aid workers and other non-scientific professional audiences, we found that the most effective way to communicate attribution findings in written form are briefing notes that summarise the most salient points from the physical science analysis (the event definition; past, present and possibly future return period; role of climate change), elaborate on the vulnerability and exposure context and then provide specific recommended next steps to increase resilience to this type of extreme event (Singh et al 2019). These briefing notes can also be accompanied by a bilateral or roundtable dialogue process between these audiences and study experts in order to expound on any questions that may arise.…”

Section: Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathways and pitfalls in extreme event attribution

et al. 2021

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The last few years have seen an explosion of interest in extreme event attribution, the science of estimating the influence of human activities or other factors on the probability and other characteristics of an observed extreme weather or climate event. This is driven by public interest, but also has practical applications in decision-making after the event and for raising awareness of current and future climate change impacts. The World Weather Attribution (WWA) collaboration has over the last 5 years developed a methodology to answer these questions in a scientifically rigorous way in the immediate wake of the event when the information is most in demand. This methodology has been developed in the practice of investigating the role of climate change in two dozen extreme events world-wide. In this paper, we highlight the lessons learned through this experience. The methodology itself is documented in a more extensive companion paper. It covers all steps in the attribution process: the event choice and definition, collecting and assessing observations and estimating probability and trends from these, climate model evaluation, estimating modelled hazard trends and their significance, synthesis of the attribution of the hazard, assessment of trends in vulnerability and exposure, and communication. Here, we discuss how each of these steps entails choices that may affect the results, the common problems that can occur and how robust conclusions can (or cannot) be derived from the analysis. Some of these developments also apply to other attribution methodologies and indeed to other problems in climate science.

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Section: Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has three uses: answering the questions from the public, informing the adaptation after the extreme event (e.g. Sippel et al 2015;Singh et al 2019) and increasing the 'immediacy' of climate change, thereby increasing support for mitigation (e.g. Wallace, 2012 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathways and pitfalls in extreme event attribution

et al. 2021

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“…Global circulation models predict significant changes in precipitation amount and frequency, with reduced rainfall expected in most nonpolar regions, which will impact flora and fauna, both above‐ and belowground, in most biomes (Singh et al, 2019). The effects of altered rainfall amount on vegetation, and to a lesser degree fauna, have been studied widely aboveground while less attention has been given to belowground responses (Blankinship et al, 2011; Liu et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of nematode abundances to increased and reduced rainfall under field conditions: A meta‐analysis

et al. 2023

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Ecosystems are projected to experience altered precipitation patterns associated with climate change, with some areas becoming wetter and others drier. Both above-and belowground communities will be impacted by such rainfall changes, yet research has predominantly focused on the flora and fauna aboveground. Still, there is a growing body of literature for the effects of altered precipitation on soil fauna. Nematodes are diverse and abundant in most soils, represent multiple trophic levels, and influence essential soil processes, making this group a good proxy for broader impacts on soil food webs. Hence, we assessed the effects of increased and reduced rainfall amount on total and trophic-level abundances of nematodes using a meta-analytical approach based on 46 independent observations from 37 field studies and tested whether effects differed among ecosystem types and with treatment duration (<1 year, short term; >1 year, long term). Overall, total and trophic group's abundances, except fungal feeders, were negatively impacted by reduced rainfall irrespectively of treatment duration. Increased rainfall had a positive effect on total abundances and plant parasitic nematodes, but only in longer term studies (>1 year). The impacts of altered rainfall were consistent across the ecosystems studied; however, most studies focus on grasslands and deserts, making it difficult to draw broad generalizations. Reductions in rainfall are therefore likely to decrease soil nematode abundance, with less pronounced effects on fungal feeders. Increased rainfall, on the other hand, may favor plant parasites, likely due to increased plant productivity. Hence, projections of reduced rainfall will have significant negative impacts on nematode abundances, at least in grasslands and deserts, with cascading effects on soil processes.

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“…The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is currently in its Sixth Assessment Report (AR6). The results of the research group show that in the coming decades an increase in climate change is expected in all regions of the world in multiple ways [4]. The report's analysis unveils that at 1.5 • C of global warming, it is forecasting a swell in the number of heatwaves, extended hot seasons, and fleeting chilly seasons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf Eco-Physiological Profile and Berries Technological Traits on Potted Vitis vinifera L. cv Pinot Noir Subordinated to Zeolite Treatments under Drought Stress

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2022

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In Mediterranean areas, extreme weather conditions such as high diurnal temperatures during the growing season could tweak vine physiology and metabolism, affecting grapes’ quality. Moreover, uncertainty in spatial and temporal distribution precipitation is an issue for the water resources of the vineyards, forcing the winemakers to continuously face an increasing water demand in recent decades, which has led them to non-sustainable choices for ambient (i.e., irrigation solutions). The aspiration of this experiment was to explore the effects of zeolite treatments (clinoptilolite type) on Vitis vinifera L. (potted vines) ecophysiology and berry metabolism under two water regimes. The plants were subordinated to two different predawn water potential regimes (0 ≤ ΨPD ≤ −0.4, WWCtrl and −0.4 ≤ ΨPD ≤ −0.9, WSCtrl), both associated with zeolite treatments (WWt and WSt). Gas exchanges, predawn and midday stem water potential, chlorophyll fluorescence, temperature, and relative water content were overseen on leaves at veraison, maturation, and harvest. Technological analyses were performed on the berries. Moreover, data were analyzed with principal component analysis and Pearson's correlations. This experiment supplies new evidence that zeolite applications could impact both physiological profiles (higher photosynthesis and stomatal conductance) as well as berry skin metabolism (sugar and size) of vines, giving a better skill to counteract low water availability during the season and maintaining a better hydraulic conductivity.

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International Conference on Climate Risk Management, inputs for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s Sixth Assessment Report

Cited by 7 publications

References 5 publications

Pathways and pitfalls in extreme event attribution

Pathways and pitfalls in extreme event attribution

Responses of nematode abundances to increased and reduced rainfall under field conditions: A meta‐analysis

Leaf Eco-Physiological Profile and Berries Technological Traits on Potted Vitis vinifera L. cv Pinot Noir Subordinated to Zeolite Treatments under Drought Stress

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