International Cooperation and Management of Tourism: A World within a World

Landau, Denise

doi:10.5479/si.9781935623069.241

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…In situ resource utilization (ISRU) has not yet been a viable approach for providing needed resources for the bases in Antarctica (e.g., fuel for transport and electrical power). 26 In addition, commercial interest in drilling and exploration for mineral resources on the continent resulted in rejection of CRAMRA and a subsequent moratorium on drilling except for science exploration (see The Antarctic Treaty System section). As Earth's population continues to grow, and as more countries' economies develop, there will be undoubtedly increased demand for access to natural resources worldwide, which may in turn produce fundamental shifts in perspectives about the use of Antarctica resources and surrounding areas.…”

Section: Responsible Space Explorationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the growing interest in tourism and the changing nature of the tourism industry, questions have arisen over the advisability of continued industry-based oversight of its own activities, and whether Antarctic Treaty parties, national governments, or other regulatory bodies may be needed in the future to resolve concerns about the increasing number of incidents and problems linked with the tourism industry. 26 Likewise, the ATS has had to deal with questions about access to and use of its physical resources. In situ resource utilization (ISRU) has not yet been a viable approach for providing needed resources for the bases in Antarctica (e.g., fuel for transport and electrical power).…”

Section: Responsible Space Explorationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Responsible Space Exploration and Use: Balancing Stakeholder Interests

2013

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Despite the worldwide economic downturn, many space-faring nations are planning space missions and architectures to explore the Moon, near-Earth asteroids (NEAs), and Mars in the coming decades. Most of these plans are focused on robotic exploration, but some also include human endeavors extending beyond the International Space Station and low Earth orbit. Looking ahead, the space exploration arena is clearly changing. In the not-too-distant future, space activities are likely to include a significant increase in numbers of nations, partnerships, and commercial and private ventures planning missions that go beyond traditional exploration. Already, space entrepreneurs have announced ambitious plans such as roving and mining on the Moon; harvesting resources on NEAs; and preparing for human travel and establishing outposts on the Moon and Mars. This raises questions of how to ensure that exploration and use are conducted in responsible and balanced ways.

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Section: Responsible Space Explorationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Responsible Space Explorationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responsible Space Exploration and Use: Balancing Stakeholder Interests

2013

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“…IAATO has no authority to impose legal restrictions or limit companies' operations, and relies on market authority and social pressure (Landau, 2011). Meetings are held throughout the year and are the glue that binds members and maintains commitment levels.…”

Section: Commitmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Now that tourism has grown much larger, ATCPs experience difficulty actively managing tourism as many countries are involved and no single governing body decides on tourism issues (e.g. Landau, 2011;Molenaar, 2005;Splettstoesser, Landau, & Headland, 2004). The most important tool ATCPs have achieved for regulating Antarctic tourism is the 1991 Madrid Protocol on Environmental Protection, which was ratified in 1998 (Bastmeijer & Lamers, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a tipping point? Exploring the capacity to self-regulate Antarctic tourism using agent-based modelling

Student

Amelung

Lamers

2016

Journal of Sustainable Tourism

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Antarctica attracts tourists who want to explore its unique nature and landscapes. Antarctic tourism has rapidly grown since 1991 and is currently picking up again after the recent global economic downturn. Tourism activities are subject to the rules of the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS) and the decisions made by the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Parties (ATCPs), but within this context, the industry has considerable freedom to self-organise. The industry is self-regulated by a voluntary member-based group, the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO). Researchers and policy-makers express concern about IAATO's ability to deal with further tourism development and the environmental consequences. This study applies a new approach to understand what affects self-regulation, consisting of a literature review and agent-based modelling (ABM). The review identifies four challenges for self-regulation: operator commitment, tourism growth, operator diversification, and accidents. The ABM simulations help conceptualise the complex concepts and theories surrounding self-regulation. Self-regulation is measured by the capacity of the simulated self-regulatory system to maintain a majority membership at the end of 20 years. The model suggests that a number of the challenges are nonlinear and have tipping points. This approach provides insights that industry officials and policy-makers can use to proactively regulate Antarctic tourism.

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Antarctic cruise tourism: a taxing issue?

Verbitsky

2015

The Polar Journal

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International Cooperation and Management of Tourism: A World within a World

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Responsible Space Exploration and Use: Balancing Stakeholder Interests

Responsible Space Exploration and Use: Balancing Stakeholder Interests

Towards a tipping point? Exploring the capacity to self-regulate Antarctic tourism using agent-based modelling

Antarctic cruise tourism: a taxing issue?

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