International EMS Systems: The United States: past, present, and future

Abgestufte präklinische Notfallversorgung – Modell Graz

“…In der Diskussion von Strategien zur Optimierung der Notfallversorgung wird gerne das angloamerikanische Modell eines "Paramedics-System" [6,8] dem frankogermanischen "Notarztsystem" kontradiktorisch gegenübergestellt [11,13]. Sehr oft werden die beiden Modelle im gegenseitigen Ausschluss betrachtet und auch durchaus emotional diskutiert.…”

Stroke and the emergency medical services – enhancing performance within the chain of survival

“…The purpose of the EMS system is to provide an acute medical assessment and care outside the hospital environment and, if necessary, the transportation of the patient to specialized care facilities in the cases of illness or injury that prevent the patient from seeking medical care by themselves (Langhelle et al 2004, Pozner et al 2004. The role of the EMS in acute stroke is vital since imaging studies and treatment have not been commonly available outside the hospital setting.…”

“…(Pozner et al 2004) )Before the introduction of emergency phone numbers, the public had help. Later, the handling of emergency telephone calls was centralized to emergency medical communication centres (EMCCs).…”

“…('Anglo-American') (Pozner et al 2004, Symons & Schuster 2004, Black & Davies 2005, MacFarlane et al 2005) and physician-based ('FrancoGerman') models (Adnet & Lapostolle 2004, Gomes et al 2004, Langhelle et al 2004, Papaspyrou et al 2004, Roessler & Zuzan 2006. However, national and regional variation does occur and many EMS systems utilize elements from both models.…”

Pre‐hospital cardiac arrest and induction of mild hypothermia: studies on epidemiology and feasibility

“…In Australia, Israel and most countries in Europe physician-staffed systems are common (Black and Davies 2005;Ellis and Sorene 2008;Langhelle et al 2004;Papaspyrou et al 2004;Roessler and Zuzan 2006;Trevithick et al 2003) whereas in United States a paramedic-oriented approach is standard nowadays (Pozner et al 2004). The repertoire of emergency interventions of a trained prehospital physician is more extensive than that of a paramedic, involving invasive procedures and advanced use of medications (Lossius et al 2002).…”