International Entrepreneurship in Lebanon

Ahmed, Zafar U.; Julian, Craig C

doi:10.1177/097215091101300102

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…It is a good example of a hybrid political order (see Section 4.1.). It is also renowned for its entrepreneurial acumen (Ahmed & Julian, 2012), and high utility (electricity) costs constitute a major constraint facing entrepreneurs (Dagher & Yacoubian., 2012;Kanaan, 2011;Stel, 2013;World Bank, 2008). After political instability, electricity costs are the most serious self-reported obstacle by Lebanese entrepreneurs in both the 2009 and 2013 World Bank Enterprise Surveys.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Public–Private Entanglement’: Entrepreneurship in Lebanon’s Hybrid Political Order

Stel

Naudé

2016

The Journal of Development Studies

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While the literature is clear that political influence and clientelism characterises the investment decisions of entrepreneurs and the performance of their firms when governance is weak, it is less understood how governance systems and entrepreneurs interact, particularly when governance is of a hybrid nature. We address this issue in this paper by studying how entrepreneurs obtain access to electricity in Lebanon, showing that the hybrid political order imposes a high cost on electricity. We furthermore find that a hybrid political order channels entrepreneurial talent into lobbying and bribery. The key constraint that emerges from the hybrid political order in this case is the corrupt organisation of governance of the electricity sector. This results in higher prices (because bribes for contracts have to be earned back) in entrenchment of oligopolies, because contracts often come with political protection. 'We're ruled by a kleptocratic, corrupt class. Why they don't fix the electricity? They won't! They give it to their constituents for free and use this for their popularity and to win votes. [.. .] This is a structural deficiency; it's serious, it has been like this for 23 years. Accidents you can always survive, this structural deficiency is much more problematic that the Syrian situation or an explosion or assassination.' 1

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Public–Private Entanglement’: Entrepreneurship in Lebanon’s Hybrid Political Order

Stel

Naudé

2016

The Journal of Development Studies

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“…The sixth attribute is that PGERs are global leaders in terms of the number of start-up high technology firms in PGERs ( Forbes , 2014a; German American Chambers of Commerce, 2014; Oresund Region, 2014a–2014c; Parkhurst, 2012; Waddell, 2013). This is due to the fact that high-technology innovators introduce ‘new products to new markets’ (Ahmed & Julian, 2012, p. 28). Obviously, and expectedly, the very high concentration levels of scientific and technological innovations and creativity in PGERs lead to very high number of start-up high technology firms in PGERs.…”

Section: The Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The article by Sheelan Misra (2012), which examines international mobility of students in India and other countries, is linked to movement of labour across international boundaries, which is an important factor in international economic activities. The excellent roles that people from Lebanon have played, for a very long time, as entrepreneurs in many countries in the world (including countries in North, Central and South America, and the Caribbean region) is the focus of the article by Zafar U. Ahmed and Craig C. Julian (2012).…”

Section: Review Of Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Designing and Creating Global Economic/Business Regions: A Case Study of the Rio Grande Valley Region

Inamete

2015

Global Business Review

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This study focuses on the present, and the possible future, economic dynamics in the Lower Rio Grande Valley region. The main goal of the study is to identify factors that can be used to transform the region into a major global economic region. Since the Lower Rio Grande Valley region is not yet a major global economic region, this study also analyzes how to design and implement the frameworks of factors that will transform the region into such a major global economic region. A new conceptual framework, termed premier global economic/business region conceptual or theoretical framework, is created by this study to guide and gird this study. The Oresund region (Denmark-Sweden) and the Puget Sound region (United States-Canada) are models of what Lower Rio Grande Valley can be transformed into in the future. Therefore, this study draws from the main features of the Oresund region and the Puget Sound region to create the premier global economic/business region conceptual or theoretical framework. Essentially, this theoretical framework consists of 12 factors or variables that can be used to transform an international region into a premier global economic/business region. A significant portion of this study analyzes how each of these factors or variables can be designed and utilized to help transform the Lower Rio Grande Valley region into premier global economic/business region.

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“…Historically, Lebanon has been known for its entrepreneurial acumen (Ahmed and Julian, 2012). Data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (2019) for 2018 shows that 21.6% of 18-64-year olds are established business owners, 24.08% are either a nascent entrepreneur or owner-manager of a new business, and 42.01% see good opportunities to start a business in the place they live.…”

Section: Re Successes In Lebanonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decentralised renewable energy and prosperity for Lebanon

Moore¹,

Collins²

2020

Energy Policy

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This paper reviews and updates the current renewable energy (RE) policy landscape in Lebanon. The focus is on opportunities for decentralised RE to not only address Lebanon's insufficient energy supply but the compounding challenges of mass displacement and changing climate. In recent years Lebanon has made great progress in RE despite the ongoing regional turbulence but more could be done to utilise the countries abundance of renewable resources, growing population and entrepreneurial acumen. Energy policy from a prosperity perspective is informed by the role public services play in people's self-defined aspirations of what it means to live a good life. With the policy support from above, locally managed and decentralised RE supply has potential to not only address the energy crisis but also mitigate the impacts of mass migration and climate change, setting Lebanon on a path to a sustainable and prosperous future.

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International Entrepreneurship in Lebanon

Cited by 20 publications

References 14 publications

‘Public–Private Entanglement’: Entrepreneurship in Lebanon’s Hybrid Political Order

‘Public–Private Entanglement’: Entrepreneurship in Lebanon’s Hybrid Political Order

Designing and Creating Global Economic/Business Regions: A Case Study of the Rio Grande Valley Region

Decentralised renewable energy and prosperity for Lebanon

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