International legislation on nutrition and health claims

Boer, Alie de; Bast, Aalt

doi:10.1016/j.foodpol.2015.06.002

Cited by 45 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Cotterill and Dhar (2003) employ a similar approach on the Boston fluid milk market. Following Nimon and Beghin (1999), Steiner (2004), Boer and Bast (2015), in our model we assume that label is a valuable source of information for consumers and consumers use this information in their purchase decisions. We use this framework to explain the choice variation among households based on their demographic profiles.…”

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confidence: 99%

What are the factors affecting the consumers' milk choices?

Gulseven¹,

Wohlgenant²

2017

AGR ECON-CZECH

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Th ere is an increasing interest in specialty milk products such as soymilk, cholesterol free/lactose free (CFLF) milk and organic milk. While the market shares of these milk types are still small, specialty milk consumption is one of the fastest growing consumer segments in the dairy industry. Th erefore, it is of interest to producers, consumers as well as the policy-makers to identify the consumer profi le of these products and to determine policies based on the consumer choices. In the article, there are utilised the actual consumer sales data to see whether the USDA's dairy policy follows the consumers' milk preferences. Th e results indicate that the household demographics signifi cantly aff ect milk preferences. Race is by far the most striking factor in the consumers' decision process. Minority households have a much higher probability of purchasing specialty milk types than the white households. Th ey are also loyal customers of the specialty milk types and are less responsive to the changes in factors that aff ect their purchase decision. Based on these fi ndings, there is recommend an alternative policy to the USDA's one-size-fi ts-all type of dairy guidelines.

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confidence: 99%

What are the factors affecting the consumers' milk choices?

Gulseven¹,

Wohlgenant²

2017

AGR ECON-CZECH

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“…Although this study focuses on substantiating the efficacy of HDSs and HMPs, previous research showed that other aspects of health claim authorization procedures also differ across international jurisdictions (de Boer & Bast, ). Similar to the EU, the legal framework of the United States, for example, does not provide the possibility to substantiate efficacy of HDSs with evidence on traditional use (Table ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depending on how a product is classified, different requirements are set within these jurisdictions regarding the evidence to substantiate safety and efficacy. In the United States, for example, manufacturers should merely notify the FDA when marketing a HDS, whereas a new drug application including the evaluation of the evidence is required before the marketing of a HMP (de Boer & Bast, ; Verma, ). Because it is increasingly recognized that botanicals, including those in HDSs, may pose risks to consumers, the regulation of these product has also been highly debated in the scientific community (Marcus & Grollman, ; Mukherjee et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous exploratory research has identified discrepancies in either the legal frameworks of HDSs or HMPs, or was focused on the international legal frameworks of HMPs (Bagchi, ; de Boer & Bast, ; Devla, Acharya, Acharya, & Kumar, ; Fan et al., ; Liu & Salmon, ; Verma, ). The current impasse regarding botanical health claims has only been addressed shortly in previous studies, that mainly dealt with explaining the EU regulatory status and providing potential future approaches to solve the issue without including the international perspective of dealing with botanicals in foods (Anton, Serafini, & Delmulle, ; Hoogenraad & Duivenvoorde, ; Korzycka‐Iwanow & Zboralska, ; Quintus & Schweim, ; Schwitters, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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International Perspectives on Substantiating the Efficacy of Herbal Dietary Supplements and Herbal Medicines Through Evidence on Traditional Use

Lenssen

Bast

Boer

2019

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

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The efficacy of botanicals in medicines can be substantiated with evidence on traditional use, whereas in foodstuffs, this is often not possible. In Europe, for example, the evaluation and subsequent authorization of health claims on herbal dietary supplements (HDS) have been put on hold by the European Commission. This study aims to analyze the role of evidence on traditional use in international legal frameworks of foods and pharmaceuticals. Both legal sources as well as scientific studies offering insights into these regulatory frameworks were included into the analysis. The international approach toward evidence on traditional use for substantiating efficacy of botanicals varies highly. For herbal medicines, substantiating efficacy with evidence on traditional use is possible in all studied jurisdictions, except for Japan and the United States. HDS efficacy can only be substantiated with evidence on traditional use in India and New Zealand, although the enforcing authorities do not describe which data are required. Australia and Canada regulate botanicals in a separate “borderline” category from foods and pharmaceuticals. Both jurisdictions allow for substantiating efficacy with evidence on traditional use. This study's second objective was to assess the applicability of the international approaches in the European legal framework, in light of the ongoing political debate regarding the use of traditional evidence. Implementation of the analyzed international approaches would require major revisions of the current European legal framework. This review of international approaches might, however, aid in deciding upon future approaches for substantiating health claims with evidence on traditional use.

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“…Over the past decades, many countries around the world have undertaken actions to regulate the use of health claims and symbols on food products: Japan [3,4], China [5], Australia & New Zealand [6], the USA [7] or Canada [8], to name a few. For a recent overview, see [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Country Differences in the History of Use of Health Claims and Symbols

Hieke

Kuljanic

Fernández

et al. 2016

EJNFS

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Health-related claims and symbols are intended as aids to help consumers make informed and healthier food choices but they can also stimulate the food industry to develop food that goes hand Hieke et al.; EJNFS, 6(3): 148-168, 2016; Article no.EJNFS.2016.018 149 in hand with a healthier lifestyle. In order to better understand the role that health claims and symbols currently have and in the future potentially can have, the objective of the CLYMBOL project ("Role of health-related claims and symbols in consumer behaviour", Grant no 311963) is to investigate consumers' understanding of health claims and symbols, and how they affect purchasing and consumption [1]. As part of this endeavour, it is important to understand the history of use of claims and symbols in Europe. What have consumers been exposed to and how were these health-related messages used and discussed among the public? In this study, we interviewed key stakeholders across Europe about how health claims have been regulated in their country, how health symbols have been and currently are being treated, what form of monitoring there is or should be and how both health claims and symbols have been debated in the public opinion. In 26 European Union (EU) Member States, opinions from 53 key informants from up to three different stakeholder groups were gathered: national food authorities, representatives of the food industry, and consumer organisations. Original Research Article

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International legislation on nutrition and health claims

Cited by 45 publications

References 31 publications

What are the factors affecting the consumers' milk choices?

What are the factors affecting the consumers' milk choices?

International Perspectives on Substantiating the Efficacy of Herbal Dietary Supplements and Herbal Medicines Through Evidence on Traditional Use

Country Differences in the History of Use of Health Claims and Symbols

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