International links between Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccine serotype 4 sequence type (ST) 801 in Northern European shipyard outbreaks of invasive pneumococcal disease

Gladstone, Rebecca A.; Siira, Lotta; Brynildsrud, Ola Brønstad; Vestrheim, Didrik Frimann; Turner, Paul; Haraldsson, Gunnsteinn; Kristinsson, Karl G.; McGee, Lesley; Bentley, Stephen D.; Sheppard, Carmen; Fry, Norman K.; Corander, Jukka; Toropainen, Maija; Steens, Anneke; Akpaka, Patrick Eberechi; Ampofo, Krow; Antonio, Martín; Veeraraghavan, Balaji; Beall, Bernard; Belabbès, Houria; Benisty, Rachel; Bigogo, Godfrey; Breiman, Robert F.; Brooks, Abdullah; Carter, Philip E.; Clarke, Stuart C.; Cornick, Jennifer; Corso, Alejandra; Brandileone, Maria Cristina de Cunto; Almeida, Samanta Cristine Grassi; Croucher, Nicholas J.; Dagan, Ron; Davydov, Alexander; Diawara, Idrissa; Doiphode, Sanjay; Plessis, Mignon du; Егорова, Е. А.; Elmdaghri, Naima; Eser, Özgen Köseoğlu; Everett, Dean; Faccone, Diego; Ford, Rebecca; Gagetti, Paula; Givon-Lavi, Noga; Hasanuzzaman, Md.; Hawkins, Paulina A.; Hryniewicz, Waleria; Hultén, Kristina G.; Ip, Margaret; Kapusta, Aurélie; Kandasamy, Rama; Kastrin, Tamara; Keenan, Jeremy D.; Klugman, Keith P.; Kwambana-Adams, Brenda; Law, Pierra Y.; Lees, John A.; Lehmann, Deborah; Ho, Pak Leung; Li, Yuan; Lo, Stephanie; Ochoa, Theresa J.; Madhi, Shabir А.; Metcalf, Benjamin J.; Moïsi, Jennifer C; Manhiça, Helio Mucavele Fundação; Ndlangisa, Kedibone; Nurse-Lucas, Michele; Nzenze, Susan; Obaro, Stephen K.; Paragi, Metka; Pollard, Andrew J.; Ravikumar, K L; Sadowy, Ewa; Saha, Samir K.; Sampane-Donkor, Eric; Sekaran, Shamala Devi; Shakoor, Sadia; Shrestha, Shrijana; Sigaùque, Betuel; Skoczyńska, Anna; Ko, Kwan Soo; Srifuengfung, Somporn; Tientcheu, Peggy-Estelle; Titov, Leonid; Urban, Yu.N.; Verani, Jennifer R.; Tonder, Andries J. van; Gottberg, Anne von; Воропаева, Е. А.; Wolter, Nicole

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.10.046

Cited by 13 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The prevalence of the five most common occupations for the cases and the corresponding prevalence for the controls It is known that in addition to transmission, pneumococcal disease occurs if the asymptomatically carried S. pneumoniae transforms into a more virulent form. 13,26 A factor that can initiate such a transformation is living in crowded settings, as the bacteria are spread between persons and prone to mutation leading to increased strain diversity. 13 Other factors that increase the virulence of the bacteria involve exposures of the airways to irritants, fumes and toxic metals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is known that in addition to transmission, pneumococcal disease occurs if the asymptomatically carried S. pneumoniae transforms into a more virulent form 13,26 . A factor that can initiate such a transformation is living in crowded settings, as the bacteria are spread between persons and prone to mutation leading to increased strain diversity 13 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 13 , 26 A factor that can initiate such a transformation is living in crowded settings, as the bacteria are spread between persons and prone to mutation leading to increased strain diversity. 13 Other factors that increase the virulence of the bacteria involve exposures of the airways to irritants, fumes and toxic metals. 13 The latter is the probable mechanism for welders and similar workers to have an increased risk for pneumococcal disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the outbreaks in Norway and Finland, the same genetically distinct and uncommon variant of S. pneumoniae was identified. 13 It has been proposed that the circulation of this specific genotype is facilitated by crowded conditions. In workplaces, occupational exposures to inorganic dust, silica dust, and metal fumes are also risk factors for pneumococcal pneumonia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the outbreaks in Norway and Finland, the same genetically distinct and uncommon variant of S . pneumoniae was identified 13 . It has been proposed that the circulation of this specific genotype is facilitated by crowded conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transmission factors and exposure to infections at work and invasive pneumococcal disease

Albin

Alderling

Schiöler

et al. 2022

American J Industrial Med

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Background: Working in close contacts with coworkers or the general public may be associated with transmission of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). We investigated whether crowded workplaces, sharing surfaces, and exposure to infections were factors associated with IPD.Methods: We studied 3,968 cases of IPD, and selected six controls for each case from the Swedish population registry with each control being assigned the index date of their corresponding case. We linked job histories to job-exposure matrices to assess different transmission dimensions of pneumococci, as well as occupational exposure to fumes. We used adjusted conditional logistic analyses to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) for IPD with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).Results: ORs for IPD for the different transmission dimensions were increased moderately but were statistically significant. Compared to home-working or working alone, the highest odds was for Working mostly outside, or partly inside (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.04−1.38). Estimates were higher in men for all dimensions, compared to women.The odds for IPD for Working mostly outside, or partly inside were 1.33 (95% CI 1.13−1.56) and 0.79 (95% CI 0.55−1.14) for men and women, respectively. Higher odds were seen for all transmission dimensions among those exposed to fumes, although CIs included unity. Contact with ill or infected patients did not increase the odds for IPD. Conclusion:IPD was associated with working in close contact with coworkers or the general public, and with outside work, especially for men. Contact with infected patients or persons was not associated with IPD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%