“…The last ingredient, the upward sloping supply of funds, connects this chapter to the large and growing literature on frictions in international banking, spearheaded byGabaix and Maggiori (2015). That literature is covered in detail in another chapter of this handbook,Maggiori (2021).3 See, e.g.,Vegh, Morano, Friedheim, and Rojas (2017).4 Ilzetzki, Reinhart, and Rogoff (2019) present compelling arguments in favor of the second view.…”