International Missions as a Way to Improve Civil–Military Relations: The Spanish Case (1989–2015)

Martínez, Rafael Cruz; Durán, Marién

doi:10.1080/17419166.2016.1236690

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…At a glance, this is puzzling because the political violence conducted during the Gwangju Massacre was by the military, and it would be expected that there would be a strong negative relationship between experience in political violence and trust in the military. However, there are other factors that could be confounding the statistical relationship between the two variables: for example, it had been found that economic growth and overseas operations have a strong positive correlation with trust in the military even in countries with experience in military rule and repression (for Spain, see Martínez and Durán, 2017; for Latin America, see Montalvo, 2009). Another likely confounding factor is the quick depoliticization and professionalization of the military after democratization in South Korea, which was possible due to structures in the military which created a path-dependency toward stable civil–military relations after democratization (Moon and Rhyu, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term effects of political violence on political trust: Evidence from the case of the Gwangju Massacre in South Korea, 1980

Song

2022

Asian Journal of Comparative Politics

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What are the long-term effects of authoritarian repression on political trust in a post-democratization context? Using the Gwangju Massacre in South Korea as a case study, this article finds that indirect and direct experience of state-perpetrated violence of the critical-period cohort—who were aged 17–25 during the incident—can have long-term negative effects on trust levels towards the government. Difference-in-difference analysis of national survey data collected in 2008 and 2012 reveals that experience with violence has long-term negative consequences on government trust. Results are robust even when including significant covariates of institutional theories and cultural theories, such as interpersonal trust, evaluation of government performance, as well as satisfaction with the economy. Drawing from memory studies, this article argues that the effects are due to collective memory formed during the critical period.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term effects of political violence on political trust: Evidence from the case of the Gwangju Massacre in South Korea, 1980

Song

2022

Asian Journal of Comparative Politics

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“…International experience is fundamental when planning strategies to improve and stimulate the implementation of a peace agreement and to enhance civil-military relations (Durán, Adé, Martínez, & Calatrava, 2016;Mares & Martínez, 2014;Martinez, 2007;Martínez & Durán, 2017;Martínez, Adé, Durán, & Díaz, 2013;Pion-Berlin & Martínez, 2017). However, every case should be thoughtfully assessed to understand the origins of the conflict and the grievances that have so far hindered effective resolution initiatives, the contents and background of the peace agreement, and the best procedures to guarantee its implementation, and an overall successful reconciliation process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconciliation Perspectives in Colombia: Characterizing the 2016 Peace Agreement With the FARC

Fernandez-Osorio

Pinzón

2020

Rev. relac. int. estrateg . segur .

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Despite ending a 60-year armed conflict with the oldest guerrilla group in Latin America, the 2016 peace agreement with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (farc) has faced growing opposition and resentment from the general population. This resistance has mainly occurred due to the absence of literature clearly providing an explanation of its contents, compromising its implementation and stability. Using the Peace Accords Matrix of the University of Notre Dame, this article explores some of the widespread criticism by comparing this agreement to others in 31 other countries. The key findings suggest that the 2016 Colombian peace agreement is the most extensive and the second most complex signed since 1989, and its crux may be categorized into five different groups of provisions. Statistical analysis suggests that its major criticism —its complexity— is the main impediment to the expected implementation level. Therefore, its stability should be guaranteed by exploring inventive strategies to gain popular support and legitimacy.

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“…The improvement in the public’s rating of SAF began with the start of international military missions in 1998. Therefore, the improvement in the military’s image must be seen as part of a deeper process of change in public opinion regarding the military institution (Martínez & Durán, 2017). This apparent evolution in the public’s view of the military also fits in with global and European trends of improving the perception of the armed forces among societies, closely linked to various and novel international missions that include counter-terrorism, peacekeeping, and support to civil authority missions (Malešič & Garb, 2018, pp.…”

Section: The Illusion Of Improved Public Opinionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risks and Fallacies of Expanding New Roles to the Military: The Case of the Spanish Emergency Military Unit; A Research Note

Bueno

Martínez

2023

Armed Forces & Society

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This article responds to the analysis about the Spanish Emergency Military Unit in the research note by Pérez et al. in Armed Forces & Society, which emphasizes the efficiency of the Spanish Emergency Military Unit and how it has enhanced the image of the Spanish Armed Forces. We believe that a more critical understanding of the development of this military unit is necessary, as its deployment pitfalls and the literature on civil–military relations were neglected. Consequently, four policy traps are identified: response to civilian emergencies has become a central task of the armed forces rather than an auxiliary role; behind the pragmatism of its employment, there is potential for a worsening of civil–military relations, as highlighted by the scholarly literature; there are serious inefficiencies in its organizational design, related to human and financial resources; and image improvement is an illusion, strongly conditioned by political cleavages, with potential long-term counterproductive results.

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International Missions as a Way to Improve Civil–Military Relations: The Spanish Case (1989–2015)

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Long-term effects of political violence on political trust: Evidence from the case of the Gwangju Massacre in South Korea, 1980

Long-term effects of political violence on political trust: Evidence from the case of the Gwangju Massacre in South Korea, 1980

Reconciliation Perspectives in Colombia: Characterizing the 2016 Peace Agreement With the FARC

Risks and Fallacies of Expanding New Roles to the Military: The Case of the Spanish Emergency Military Unit; A Research Note

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