2004
DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-682x.2004.00103.x
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International Nongovernmental Organizations and Carbon Dioxide Emissions in the Developing World: A Quantitative, Cross‐National Analysis

Abstract: This quantitative, cross‐national study is designed to test hypotheses linking the activities of international nongovernmental organizations to reductions in carbon dioxide emissions in the developing world. While many quantitative studies of variation in carbon dioxide emissions have been published, none have included a control for the presence of international nongovernmental organizations. We review the literature that discusses the many ways that international nongovernmental organizations work to reduce e… Show more

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Cited by 81 publications
(88 citation statements)
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References 49 publications
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“…While these results support our theoretical assumptions, they must be understood with caution as they do not assess the specific types of practices conducted on organic farms. Population, GDP per capita, and urban population were also found to be significant predictors on BOD, which is consistent with the findings of previous STIRPAT analyses [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. Specifically we find that a one percent increase in GDP per capita corresponds with a .169 percent increase in BOD.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 81%
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“…While these results support our theoretical assumptions, they must be understood with caution as they do not assess the specific types of practices conducted on organic farms. Population, GDP per capita, and urban population were also found to be significant predictors on BOD, which is consistent with the findings of previous STIRPAT analyses [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. Specifically we find that a one percent increase in GDP per capita corresponds with a .169 percent increase in BOD.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 81%
“…The logic of our modeling approach is based on the STIRPAT framework [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. STIRPAT was first developed by Dietz and Rosa [44] as a reformulation of the popular IPAT equation to gauge how population (P), economic growth or affluence (A), and technology (T) affect the scale of environmental impacts (I).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Scholars have documented links between the penetration of TNCs into LDCs, an essential aspect of capitalist globalization, and detrimental environmental outcomes (e.g., Jorgenson 2006Jorgenson , 2007Shandra et al 2004;Gould, Lewis, and Roberts 2004;Ross 2008). One reason for this relationship is encapsulated in the 'race to the bottom' (RTB) argument.…”
Section: Global Political Economy and The Race To The Bottommentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The environmental performance indicators that these studies explored are varied and often included, atmospheric and other pollutants pertaining to water and sanitation [5,7,8]; government commitments to different environmental treaties [9]; and a combination of indicators in the form of Environmental Sustainability Index [10][11][12]. A few studies also included impacts of democracy, and influence of "world polity" such as international NGOs or inter-governmental organisations on forestation and land degradation [5,[12][13][14][15].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%