International norms in the reform of Romanian higher education: a discursive analysis

Unintended Outcomes of the EHEA and ASEAN: Peripheral Members and Their Façade Conformity

“…In many CEEC, higher education reforms took place during the period of their accession to the EU and continued at different stages depending on the national context. The reforms became part of a larger European integration project, in which the Bologna policy tools (degree structures, the common ECTS credit system, the Diploma Supplement, quality assurance) were no longer a reference point, but became a hegemonic influence and even mandatory criteria (Deca 2015). Joining the EU provided a windfall of benefits for many CEEC including funding and access to new knowledge for their stagnating education systems.…”

European higher education policy

“…Some of the new member states -especially those which were longmarginalized in international academic exchanges -seemed eager to be perceived as "good pupils" in the Bologna benchmarking graphs (Dakowska 2015). The fact that the Bologna Process was launched at the same time as the EU accession negotiations also explains why decision-makers in Central and Eastern European countries tended to consider its successive recommendations as part of a more general EU package (Deca 2015). Constant comparison of the progress made in various areas -with maps that distinguish the "good pupils" from the "laggards" -has increased pressure to adapt .…”

Internationalization of Higher Education—What Can Research Add to the Policy Debate? [Overview Paper]

“…One such example is the insight on internationalisation as a lever for change, which has been documented for various countries (Sparks et al, present chapter;Hunter, present chapter;Deca 2014).…”