“…3 This has been widely reported in the USA, [4][5][6] the UK, 7 Canada, 8-10 Australia [11][12][13] and New Zealand. [14][15][16] The overseas-trained health professionals (OTHs) working in these rural and remote areas include doctors, 4,9,17 nurses, 18,19 dentists/dental therapists [20][21][22] and pharmacists. 7,23 Given the continuation of the recruitment and presence of OTHs in rural and remote areas in many countries, this literature review sought to explore what is known about the OTHs in these areas and what issues are raised by their presence.…”