“…These four papers demonstrate how NGOs have developed additional forms of accountability in the form of actions to meet their specific purposes (Munro, 1996), which allows us to recognise the possibility and capacity of NGOs to design different procedures of how accounts should be produced and exchanged (Roberts, 1991(Roberts, , 2003 with the clients, users, or beneficiaries, members, communities, partners, staff and supporters (Christensen & Ebrahim, 2006;Dixon et al, 2006Edwards & Hulme, 1996. The other papers in this special issue (Cordery et al, 2019;Kemp & Morgan, 2019;McDonnell & Rutherford, 2019) also problematise the capacity of formal financial reporting to satisfy all the accounting and accountability requirements of NGOs. Therefore, NGOs were observed to complement formal, accounts by producing customised, voluntary accounts (Christensen & Ebrahim, 2006) that enabled the NGO to "account" for a more holistic understanding of their responsibilities that extends beyond economic and legal compliance (Munro, 1996).…”