International renal‐cell cancer study. IV. Occupation

Abstract

The relationship between renal-cell cancer (RCC) and occupation was investigated in an international multicenter population-based case-control study. Study centers in Australia, Denmark, Germany, Sweden and the United States interviewed 1732 incident RCC cases and 2309 controls. Significant associations were found with employment in the blast-furnace or the coke-oven industry [relative risk (RR), 1.7; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1-2.7], the iron and steel industry (RR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2-2.2) and exposure to asbestos (RR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1-1.8), cadmium (RR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.0-3.9), dry-cleaning solvents (RR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1-1.7), gasoline (RR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2-2.0) and other petroleum products (RR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.3-2.1). Asbestos, petroleum products and dry-cleaning solvents appear to merit further investigation, in view of the relationship between risk and duration of employment or exposure and after adjustment for confounding. There was a negative association between RCC and education, but it was not consistent across all centers. Overall, the results of our multicenter case-control study suggest that occupation may be more important in the etiology of RCC than indicated by earlier studies.

Trichloroethylene and cancer: epidemiologic evidence.

“…In addition to several reviews human evidence evidence (13). (115) and Swaen (116) about the design of their study (10), calculate the combined OR among six case-control studies (60)(61)(62)(63)(64)83) McLaughlin and Blot (116) subsequently review the epidemiology of TCE and kidney cancer in seven cohort studies (10,18,19,24,30,31,104) and six case-control studies (57,(60)(61)(62)83,84) In their discussion, they fail to distinguish results either between men and women or incidence and mortality, and argue that none of the cohort studies except "the methodologically questionable" Henschler et al. study (10) The newest data on kidney cancer suggest different interpretations, although Weiss (6) and McLaughlin and Blot (117) caution the reader on the interpretation of these results because the Tier I cohort studies they had available showed, at best, a weak response.…”

“…In all of these studies, there are concerns about selection bias, blinding of investigators or interviewers, and particularly exposure characterization. Some studies use job titles to infer exposure (60,63,67), one compares dry cleaning workers to laundry workers (59), others assess risk to subjects exposed to general classes of solvents (57,63), and still other studies ask about exposure to specific agents or used more sophisticated exposure characterizations ( Elevated odds ratios for kidney cancer are found for four different exposure classifications: degreasing agents (including TCE ) (60,61,66), solvents (61,63,65), the iron/ steel industry (likely including exposure to degreasing agents or solvents) (58,(62)(63)(64)(65), and dry cleaners/laundry workers (60,64,65). A few studies assesses TCE exposure specifically (66,68,84 (66), is hospitalbased using accident victims as controls.…”

Böbrek Hücreli Karsinomda Risk Faktörleri ve Etyoloji

“…Bunlardan bir tanesi asbest maruziyeti olup hastanın kendi ifade ettiği maruziyet ile BHK gelişme riskinin 1,4 kat arttığını bildirilmektedir. Bu risk kadmiyum maruziyetinde 2 kat, kuru temizlemede kullanılan çözeltilere maruziyette 1,4 kat, benzin ve diğer petrol ürünlerine maruziyette 1,6 kat artmaktadır (41). Daha sonra yapılan bir meta-analizde asbestin BHK gelişimindeki rolünün daha az önemli olabileceğini (42), bir başka meta-analizde de anlamlı ilişki bulunmadığı belirtilmiştir (43) Trichloroethylene (TCE) endüstriyel bir çözelti olup metal üzerindeki yağların temizlenmesinde kullanılır.…”

Integrating Field Analyses with Laboratory Exposures to Assess Ecosystems Health

“…An international population-based case-control study was carried out in Australia, Denmark, Germany, Sweden and the USA using a similar protocol in the participating centres (Mandel et al, 1995). Cases were patients with incident renal-cell carcinoma 189.0], histologically confirmed and diagnosed between 1989 and 1991.…”

“…Exclusion of women did not modify the result (odds ratio, 1.21; 95% CI, 0.43-3.45; based on seven exposed cases). Restriction to blue-collar workers increased the association (for men and women combined: odds ratio, 4.4; 95% CI, 0.4-43; for men only: odds ratio, 5.5; 95% CI, 0.5-58.9).An international population-based case-control study was carried out in Australia, Denmark, Germany, Sweden and the USA using a similar protocol in the participating centres (Mandel et al, 1995). Cases were patients with incident renal-cell carcinoma 189.0], histologically confirmed and diagnosed between 1989 and 1991.…”