International Sanitary Conferences from the Ottoman perspective (1851–1938)

Ersoy, Nermin; Güngör, Yüksel; Akpinar, Aslıhan

doi:10.3384/hygiea.1403-8668.1110153

Cited by 33 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…When cholera struck in 1865, health policies along the Maritime Danube were applied by a Sanitary Service of the Mouths of the Danube, subordinated to the Istanbul-based Superior Board of Health. This institution had been established in 1839 and aimed to coordinate quarantine policies, trade and shipping in Ottoman ports (Ersoy et al, 2011;Bulmuș, 2012). Throughout the Levant, including at the Maritime Danube it advised for the imposition of rigorous sanitary measures, especially when plague and cholera outbursts were active in the region, according to international agreements for epidemic control.…”

Section: Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION OF THE DANUBE AND ITS EARLY PUBLIC HEALTH POLICIES, 1856–1860s

Ardeleanu¹

2019

MCDSARE

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This paper analyses the context in which the European Commission of the Danube (ECD), an international organisation created in 1856 to improve navigation along the Maritime Danube, started to impose its own public health policies in the Danube Delta region. It established two hospitals and drafted detailed quarantine regulations meant to balance free navigation and sanitary precautions. The authors refer to the organisation of ECD"s hospitals, how commissioners dealt with their funding, selection mechanisms for medical staff and the need to build proper medical facilities. The paper also touches on the moment when in 1865 Sulina was ravaged by a cholera epidemic and the local hospital was put to good use. Eventually, through a Public Act signed by the seven commissioners in 1865, the ECD was consolidated as an international organisation and the hospital became a reputed medical centre for hundreds of international seafarers, ECD employees and inhabitants of Sulina, who used the services of the first hospital created by an early supranational institution.

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Section: Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION OF THE DANUBE AND ITS EARLY PUBLIC HEALTH POLICIES, 1856–1860s

Ardeleanu¹

2019

MCDSARE

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“…Trade was globalising, and travel accelerating with steamships, railroads and building of the Suez Canal. Populations were urbanising, and exposed to crowding and other health risks (Ersoy et al 2011;Howard-Jones 1975). Seeing these developments, the German physician Rudolph Virchow in a seminal article in 1848 proposed that the medical profession had a special obligation to be the advocates for the poor, but also that health was an interdisciplinary issue, in particular requiring political will including to reduce risk factors (e.g.…”

Section: Some Milestones In Conceptualisation and Bio-ethical Standarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-ethical Considerations for Public Health in Humanitarian Action

Tellier

2018

Advancing Global Bioethics

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The objectives and operational norms of public health are explicitly and strongly based on bio-ethical principles, involving many dilemmas. To a great extent, these principles remain the same when dealing with public health in humanitarian action (PHHA), but their application may involve even more excruciatingly difficult decisions and dilemmas. This chapter reflects on what those principles and dilemmas are, and how they have changed over time. It describes how the global health situation has changed dramatically over the last decades, and what implications that has for health in emergency situations. It also addresses the changing nature of disasters, including more protracted emergencies involving long term displacement, fragile contexts as well as the effect on the capacity of health systems as they are under increasing pressure and attack. Finally, it notes some of the major improvements in humanitarian response, including development of widely accepted guidelines and coordination mechanisms, and how this has contributed to improvements in saving lives and preventing morbidity.

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“…Foi adotada por outras nações europeias na metade do século XIX, nas regulações otomanas 25 , contemplando também outros aspectos, como o saneamento, a circulação de pessoas em meios de transporte cada vez mais velozes entre continentes e a aglomeração em grandes eventos religiosos ou culturais 25,26 . Ersoy 25 cita as conferências internacionais, também chamadas "Quarentena, saúde e conferências sanitárias", a primeira em Paris, em 1851, cujos conceitos-chave foram sanitarismo, doenças e epidemias, de acordo com o mais recente avanço em microbiologia e os métodos de ações epidêmicas, técnicas de quarentena, métodos de prevenção e leis de higiene pessoal. As resoluções geradas nessas conferências procuraram estabelecer as leis internacionais de quarentena contra a cólera, febre amarela, destinadas principalmente a migrações e viagens.…”

Section: Entendendo a Quarentenaunclassified

“…A 25 . Daí urgiu o acordo sanitário global, atrelado a relações internacionais de comércio, sanções e outros aspectos que, por um lado, tinha o escopo da proteção da coletividade, mas que, por outro, terminava por se delinear conforme a "importân-cia" econômica do país em questão.…”

Section: Entendendo a Quarentenaunclassified

As medidas de quarentena humana na saúde pública: aspectos bioéticos

Santos¹,

Nascimento²

2014

Rev Bioethikos

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Resumo: A quarentena humana é uma medida de saúde pública destinada a conter surtos epidêmicos ou a evitar que um determinado agente infeccioso atinja um território ou grupo social. As práticas de quarentena humana são: impedir o desembarque de passageiros, colocar em prisão domiciliar os doentes e/ou os familiares de pessoas que manifestem determinado quadro clínico ou a internação hospitalar forçada de doentes. Tais medidas ocorrem desde tempos imemoriais, antes mesmo da descoberta dos micróbios, do ciclo das doenças e dos modos de transmissão de patógenos. No que tange às evidências científicas, há ausência de evidências que as práticas de quarentena influenciem no curso de epidemias, mas há evidências sólidas e consistentes que os indivíduos quarentenados sofrem consideráveis prejuízos morais, legais e financeiros. A quarentena persiste no ordenamento jurídico mundial como manifestação do biopoder e como embrião de um Estado de Exceção. A redução de direitos pela internação compulsória não diferente à de sistemas prisionais, ferindo princípios éticos como a autonomia e liberdade humana, limitados pela autoridade do Estado, o que requer análise bioética sobre a aplicabilidade em tempos atuais. PAlAvRAs-chAve: Quarentena. Bioética. Epidemias. Saúde Pública.AbstRAct: Human quarantine is a public health intervention for controlling disease outbreaks or prevent a particular infections from spreading in certain geographic areas. Some strategies for preventing transmission are: preventing people to disembark in airports, impose household stay to patients or families, and forced hospitalization of patients. Such measures occur from time immemorial, even before the discovery of microbes, the cycle of disease and modes of transmission of pathogens. There is no evidence to support the influence of human quarantine practices in the course of epidemics, but there is strong and consistent evidence that quarantined individuals suffer from moral, legal and financial considerable damages. Human quarantine persist worldwide as a form of biopower and a state of exception, implying a potential limitation of rights due to mandatory hospitalization, no different to prison systems, and this violates ethical principles such as autonomy and human freedom. KeywoRds: Quarantine. Bioethics. Epidemics. Public Health. DOI: 10.15343/1981-8254 No dia seguinte, esteve em uma discoteca hiperlotada, sendo quarentenado no segundo dia no Hospital da UFRJ, de 6 a 16 de maio. A celeuma criada em torno do H1N1 como pandemia gerou pânico social, reforça-da pelos meios de comunicação, que puseram em prova a eficácia da vacinação e até os resultados estatísticos apontados pela OMS 2 , o que arranhou a imagem da instituição. Em 2010, em outro cruzeiro turístico, alguns turistas foram acometidos por diarreia e, por conta disso, a Anvisa manteve em alto-mar, durante dois dias, todos os turistas do navio, até que a inspeção identificasse o agente causador da diarreia 3 . No Brasil, em fevereiro do ano de 2012, em um cruzeiro da empresa MSC Armonia, após ...

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International Sanitary Conferences from the Ottoman perspective (1851–1938)

Cited by 33 publications

References 11 publications

THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION OF THE DANUBE AND ITS EARLY PUBLIC HEALTH POLICIES, 1856–1860s

THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION OF THE DANUBE AND ITS EARLY PUBLIC HEALTH POLICIES, 1856–1860s

Bio-ethical Considerations for Public Health in Humanitarian Action

As medidas de quarentena humana na saúde pública: aspectos bioéticos

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