International Scientific Migration: Progress or a Threat to Russia’s Scientific and Technological Security

Кокшаров, В. А.; Agarkov, Gavriil A.

doi:10.17059/2018-1-19

Cited by 5 publications

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“…However, these studies were largely limited to studying the international migration of scientists affiliated with a specific institution (Koksharov and Agarkov 2018;Sudakova 2020), or researchers from a particular scientific field (Malakhov and Erkina 2020;Yurevich and Aushkap 2018). Recent analyses on Scopus bibliometric data have suggested that the largest outflow of researchers from one of the largest universities in Russia, the Ural Federal University (UrFU), occurred in the 1990s and early 2000s (Sudakova 2020); and that the main destinations of researchers moving from Russia have been the United States and Western European countries (Koksharov and Agarkov 2018). It has also been shown that the main areas of scientific interest of scientists emigrating from the UrFU are the natural and the technical sciences (Koksharov and Agarkov 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent analyses on Scopus bibliometric data have suggested that the largest outflow of researchers from one of the largest universities in Russia, the Ural Federal University (UrFU), occurred in the 1990s and early 2000s (Sudakova 2020); and that the main destinations of researchers moving from Russia have been the United States and Western European countries (Koksharov and Agarkov 2018). It has also been shown that the main areas of scientific interest of scientists emigrating from the UrFU are the natural and the technical sciences (Koksharov and Agarkov 2018). In another study that focused exclusively on migration in the field of mathematics, the authors analyzed data from the Web of Science for 2008-2018, and concluded that during this period, the international movements of most researchers were temporary (Malakhov and Erkina 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brain drain and brain gain in Russia: Analyzing international migration of researchers by discipline using Scopus bibliometric data 1996–2020

Astrov

Aref

2021

Scientometrics

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We study international mobility in academia, with a focus on the migration of published researchers to and from Russia. Using an exhaustive set of over 2.4 million Scopus publications, we analyze all researchers who have published with a Russian affiliation address in Scopus-indexed sources in 1996–2020. The migration of researchers is observed through the changes in their affiliation addresses, which altered their mode countries of affiliation across different years. While only 5.2% of these researchers were internationally mobile, they accounted for a substantial proportion of citations. Our estimates of net migration rates indicate that while Russia was a donor country in the late 1990s and early 2000s, it has experienced a relatively balanced circulation of researchers in more recent years. These findings suggest that the current trends in scholarly migration in Russia could be better framed as brain circulation, rather than as brain drain. Overall, researchers emigrating from Russia outnumbered and outperformed researchers immigrating to Russia. Our analysis on the subject categories of publication venues shows that in the past 25 years, Russia has, overall, suffered a net loss in most disciplines, and most notably in the five disciplines of neuroscience, decision sciences, mathematics, biochemistry, and pharmacology. We demonstrate the robustness of our main findings under random exclusion of data and changes in numeric parameters. Our substantive results shed light on new aspects of international mobility in academia, and on the impact of this mobility on a national science system, which have direct implications for policy development. Methodologically, our novel approach to handling big data can be adopted as a framework of analysis for studying scholarly migration in other countries.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain drain and brain gain in Russia: Analyzing international migration of researchers by discipline using Scopus bibliometric data 1996–2020

Astrov

Aref

2021

Scientometrics

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“…According to expert estimates, in 2017 the average monthly salary in the com mercial sector was between 60,000 and 200,000 rubles for analysts and between 90,000 and 600,000 rubles for managers [35]. The average monthly remunera tion in research and development in 2017 was 48,833.6 rubles 12 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A review of theoretical approaches to the as sessment of the consequences of migration for the recipient country was present ed by A. V. Lyalina [9]. Some researchers agree that the impact of migration is not straightforward and can lead to problems for both origin and destination countries [10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Statement Of the Problem And Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migration of researchers in the Baltic region: a forecast and factors

Дежина

Soldatova

SE³

2020

Balt. Reg.

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The importance of this research relates to the need for increasing the human capital of Russian science and for assisting the spatial development of the country, particularly, its border areas. This study tests several hypotheses. The first one holds that the outflow of researchers will reduce over the next few years. Others concern factors affecting the number of researchers in the Russian Federation in general and its Baltic part in particular. These factors include salaries and workplace environment. Methodologically, the study draws on Russian and international sources on the migration of researchers and builds models of two types to trace connections and to produce forecasts, while calculating the emigration rate. The models of the first type describe how the amount of salary and workplace conditions affect the number of researchers. These are vector autoregression models built in the R software environment, using statistical time series. The models of the second type use Excel forecast function to carry out prospective evaluations of the number of researchers and migration rates. The study did not confirm the hypothesis that the reduction in the number of researchers was slowing down in Russia and St Petersburg in particular. Thus, the state measures aimed to preserve the human capital of national science will be insufficient to prevent either a decline in the number of researchers or their emigration in the near future. The article provides concrete recommendations for reforming the system of remuneration in research to reverse the negative trend.

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“…[34] и Кокшарова В. А., Агаркова Г. А. [35] об автоматизации процесса данного метода, Николаенко Г.А. [36] об особенностях профессиональной сети ученых, а также о технической стороне генерации данных с данной сети.…”

Section: обзор литературыunclassified

Migration of scientists: digital footprint and scientometry

Sudakova¹

2020

P Sci Edu

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Миграция ученых: цифровой след и наукометрия Миграция, ее количественные и качественные изменения, является одной из актуальных тем. Во-первых, ученые-непосредственные участники научно-технического прогресса, уровень и развитие которого приоритетен в большинстве стран, страны конкурируют за привлечение лучших «умов» мира, а ученые в поиске достойных условий для своей деятельности. Во-вторых, оценка миграции отдельных профессиональных кругов затруднительна. Одним из инструментов анализа и оценки миграции ученых является анализ их профилей, что стало возможным благодаря цифровизации научной деятельности (развитие наукометрических баз: SCOPUS, WoS, eLibrary, PubMed, профессиональных сетей-ResearchGate, присвоение идентификационных номеров ученых-ORCID и другие инструменты). В сети остаются так называемые цифровые следы ученых (их исследования, ФИО, принадлежность к научной организации и их смена, сфера интересов и другие показатели). Вследствие этого становится возможным оценить взаимодействие ученых, проанализировать мобильность, оценить количественные и качественные показатели миграции. При этом анализ ученых по их идентификационным показателям называется наукометрией, или в практике отечественной терминалогии библиометрией. Популярность библиометрического анализа растет с 1980-х гг. Однако истоки метода уходят в 20-е гг. XIX в. Используя библиометрические данные можно оценить количественные показатели ученого и его исследования проанализировать миграцию и ее качественные и количественные изменения. В рамках научной работы сотрудниками Лаборатории по проблемам университетского развития УрФУ был разработан алгоритм генерации данных с наукометрической базой SCOPUS. Цель создания алгоритмапроанализировать и оценить миграцию ученых. Разработанный алгоритм генерирует данные следующим образом: j-ое количество строк, в которых представлены ФИО авторов и их ID; i-ое количество столбцов, включающие, наукометрические данные (научная сфера, страна, университет, общее количество статей и другие). Значимость для исследования представляют те профили, в которых сменилась аффилиация. Анализ проводился на примере УрФУ. Наибольший отток ученых пришелся на 90-е годы, а также 2000-2002 гг., как и во всей стране. Среди лидеров принимающих стран США, Израиль, Англия, Канада, Германия, Франция, Чехия, страны постсоветского пространства-Беларусь, Украина, Республика Молдова, Узбекистан и другие. Среди основных выводов, стоит отметить, то, что происходит смена характера миграции, а именно, переход от brain drain к drain sharing, от безвозвратной миграции и потери интеллектуального капитала к его совместному использованию. Цифровизация наукометрии является существенным прогрессом, способствующим не только распространению научного знания, но и его защите, а цифровые следы-важным инструментом в анализе количественных и качественных научных показателей.

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International Scientific Migration: Progress or a Threat to Russia’s Scientific and Technological Security

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Brain drain and brain gain in Russia: Analyzing international migration of researchers by discipline using Scopus bibliometric data 1996–2020

Brain drain and brain gain in Russia: Analyzing international migration of researchers by discipline using Scopus bibliometric data 1996–2020

Migration of researchers in the Baltic region: a forecast and factors

Migration of scientists: digital footprint and scientometry

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