International Society for Companion Animal Infectious Diseases (ISCAID) guidelines for the diagnosis and management of bacterial urinary tract infections in dogs and cats

Weese, J. Scott; Blondeau, Joseph M; Boothe, Dawn M.; Guardabassi, Luca; Gumley, Nigel; Papich, Mark G.; Jessen, Lisbeth Rem; Lappin, Michael R.; Rankin, Shelley C.; Westropp, Joellen L; Sykes, Jane E.

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2019.02.008

Cited by 297 publications

(709 citation statements)

References 107 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

551

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The tetraparetic dog with a urinary catheter was classified as having neurological disease and not lower urinary tract disease because of the absence of signs of lower urinary tract disease or primary urinary tract disease; however, had it been categorized with the dogs with lower urinary tract disease, it would have only further strengthened our finding that lower urinary tract disease is an indication for QUC in dogs with proteinuria. In both humans and small animals (cats and dogs) with indwelling urinary catheters, routine screening for and treatment of subclinical bacteriuria is not recommended . In our study, the presence of a urinary catheter could have been included as a criteria for the lower urinary tract disease category.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics associated with bacterial growth in urine in 451 proteinuric dogs (2008‐2018)

Grimes

Heseltine

Nabity

et al. 2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Urine cultures are frequently recommended to rule out infection as a postrenal cause of proteinuria. Objective Identify characteristics associated with bacterial growth in urine in proteinuric dogs. Animals Four hundred and fifty‐one dogs admitted to a teaching hospital between January 2008 and January 2018 with urine protein‐to‐creatinine ratios (UPCs) >0.5. Methods Retrospective study included dogs with a UPC, urinalysis, and quantitative urine culture (QUC) performed within a 72‐hour period by searching electronic records. Dogs with recent antimicrobial therapy, urine collected by methods other than cystocentesis, or UPC ≤0.5 were excluded. Signalment, comorbidities, serum BUN and creatinine concentrations, urinalysis findings, and QUC results were recorded. The association between these characteristics and presence of bacterial growth in urine was assessed by univariable and multivariable analysis. Results Thirty of four hundred fifty‐one dogs (6.7%) had bacterial growth in urine. Of these, 18 (60.0%) had active urine sediment. Bacterial growth in urine was associated with pyuria (odd ratio [OR] 25.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 7.9‐79.6, P < .001), bacteriuria (OR 11.1, 95% CI 3.2‐39.1, P < .001), and lower urinary tract disease (OR 6.7, 95% CI 1.9‐23.0; P = .0028). If QUC was prompted based on these criteria, 8/451 (1.8%) of proteinuric dogs would have had undetected bacterial growth. Conclusions and Clinical Importance The proportion of proteinuric dogs with both inactive urine sediment and bacterial growth in urine was low, suggesting that QUC might not be necessary in the evaluation of all proteinuric dogs. An active urine sediment or lower urinary tract disease should prompt QUC for proteinuric dogs.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics associated with bacterial growth in urine in 451 proteinuric dogs (2008‐2018)

Grimes

Heseltine

Nabity

et al. 2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the current study, clean, midstream catch samples were significantly more likely to have disparate culture results compared to samples collected via cystocentesis, though these discrepancies had minimal clinical impact. Current guidelines recommend avoiding urine culture and susceptibility testing on voided samples . However, when using a cutoff value of >100 000 CFU/mL to define marked bacteriuria, voided urine samples can yield accurate QBC results .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Subclinical bacteriuria is defined by current guidelines as “the presence of bacteria in urine as determined by positive bacterial culture from a properly collected urine specimen, in the absence of clinical evidence of infectious urinary tract disease.” One study demonstrated that subclinical bacteriuria, present in 8.9% of the dogs in the study population, is nonprogressive and often transient despite lack of antimicrobial treatment . In this study, 24/239 (10.0%) dogs and cats were considered to have subclinical bacteriuria in accordance with the current definition, which includes both marked and minimal levels of bacterial growth on QBC . However, only 17 of these 24 had marked growth, representing 7.1% (17/239) of the study population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, veterinary studies evaluating the impact of delay of urine culture processing are restricted to experimentally inoculated samples or to clinical samples collected via cystocentesis. Guidelines created by the International Society of Companion Animal Infectious Diseases (ISCAID) recommend cultures are preferentially performed on cystocentesis samples, though other studies have demonstrated that voided samples can yield accurate results . The guidelines recommend urine samples with delayed processing are refrigerated and plated for culture within 24 hours of collection .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Guidelines created by the International Society of Companion Animal Infectious Diseases (ISCAID) recommend cultures are preferentially performed on cystocentesis samples, though other studies have demonstrated that voided samples can yield accurate results . The guidelines recommend urine samples with delayed processing are refrigerated and plated for culture within 24 hours of collection . However, there are no studies to confirm that such recommendations, when applied to clinical samples of various collection techniques, preserve the accuracy of QBC testing following transport to an external laboratory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Comparison of immediate versus delayed streak plate inoculation on urine bacterial culture and susceptibility testing in dogs and cats

Coffey

Little

Seelig

et al. 2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Quantitative bacterial culture and susceptibility testing is the gold standard diagnostic for determining bacterial urinary tract infection. Transport of samples to external reference laboratories is common practice in veterinary medicine. Objective To compare bacterial culture and susceptibility results from clinical urine samples when streak plate inoculation is performed immediately after sample collection versus after transport to a reference laboratory. To determine the clinical implications of discrepant culture results. Animals One hundred and ninety‐four canine and 45 feline urine samples that were submitted for urinalysis and urine culture and susceptibility testing. Methods This was a prospective, cross‐sectional study. Streak plate inoculations were performed on urine samples immediately after collection and also after transport to a reference laboratory. Samples were stored in plain sterile tubes and refrigerated up to 24 hours before transport. Culture results were compared, and discordant results were evaluated for clinical relevance. Signalment, comorbidities, lower urinary tract signs, and antimicrobial history were recorded. Results Kappa coefficient for agreement between plating methods was 0.884. Twenty‐two (71%) of 31 discrepant results were determined to have no clinical impact. Though 35% of clean midstream samples had discrepant culture results, only 8% of these had clinical impact. Conversely, 8.6% from cystocentesis were discrepant, but 41% of these had clinical impact. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Provided urine samples are stored and transported appropriately, the immediate preplating of urine for culture and susceptibility testing is unnecessary in the majority of cases. Despite more discrepancies in plating methods for midstream samples, the minority were of clinical importance.

show abstract

Pharmacology

Fajt

2021

Infectious Disease Management in Animal Shelters

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

International Society for Companion Animal Infectious Diseases (ISCAID) guidelines for the diagnosis and management of bacterial urinary tract infections in dogs and cats

Cited by 297 publications

References 107 publications

Characteristics associated with bacterial growth in urine in 451 proteinuric dogs (2008‐2018)

Characteristics associated with bacterial growth in urine in 451 proteinuric dogs (2008‐2018)

Comparison of immediate versus delayed streak plate inoculation on urine bacterial culture and susceptibility testing in dogs and cats

Pharmacology

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About