International Space Station (ISS) Airlock Crewlock Depressurization Methods

Williams, David E.; Leonard, Daniel J.; Booth, Valori J.; Russell, Matt

doi:10.4271/2004-01-2594

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Crewlock dimensions, operations, and depressurization details are taken from D. E. Williams et al. (2004) while air quality requirements that we use to estimate maximum potential contaminant masses are taken from Table 32 of Wieland (1998). We assume, based upon these references, that the cabin air used in the crewlock during egress will be the sourced from the main cabin air supply, and will thus contain human and mechanical contaminants that are bounded by the prescribed limits.…”

Section: Capturing Key Processes On the Moonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PSR source infall and depletion data on which this PSRWT calculations are based is from Farrell et al (2015bFarrell et al ( , 2019, Johnson (1990), andPokorný et al (2019), UV loss rate data from DeSimone and Orlando ( 2015), and thermal desorption data from Andreas (2007) and Pokorný et al (2019). Airlock case study data on depressurization details are taken from D. E. Williams et al (2004) and maximum potential contaminant masses from Wieland (1998). The SDTrimSP code used for the material testing/particle sputtering case study is available at Mutzke et al (2019).…”

Section: Data Availability Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Airlock case study data on depressurization details are taken from D. E. Williams et al. (2004) and maximum potential contaminant masses from Wieland (1998). The SDTrimSP code used for the material testing/particle sputtering case study is available at Mutzke et al.…”

Section: Data Availability Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ability to track and measure the possible contaminants as they are potentially left on the lunar surface is a key role that passive tools like Biscuits, as well as other types of instruments, can play. Sampling cabin air that may contain potential contaminants as they are vented out localized areas (such as from external valves during depressurization schemes as depicted in D. E. Williams et al (2004)) or tracking their dispersal in adjacent areas over time may be a means of constraining true contamination in situ. Advanced materials that have been used for decontamination of telescope optics and for other purposes, such as the Molecular Adsorber Coating (Abraham, 2015;Abraham et al, 2012), have demonstrated molecule trapping ability at the micrograms per cm 2 level, including hydrocarbons (Abraham et al, 2019).…”

Section: Contamination Concerns and Biologically Interesting Moleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While airlocks and suitlocks that may be or have been used in the future (Griffin, 2008;NASA EVA, 2018) will have different means of depressurization and protocol prior to an EVA, and consequently will have different vented mass estimates, this scenario gives a real-life analog, we can study that has crewlock dimensions, depressurization details and details regarding contamination limits for air quality requirements all given in citeable literature. Crewlock dimensions, operations, and depressurization details are taken from D. E. Williams et al (2004) while air quality requirements that we use to estimate maximum potential contaminant masses are taken from Table 32 of Wieland (1998). We assume, based upon these references, that the cabin air used in the crewlock during egress will be the sourced from the main cabin air supply, and will thus contain human and mechanical contaminants that are bounded by the prescribed limits.…”

Section: Contamination Concerns and Biologically Interesting Moleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In Situ Optimized Substrate Witness Plates: Ground Truth for Key Processes on the Moon and Other Planets

Saxena,

Morrissey,

Killen

et al. 2023

Earth and Space Science

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Future exploration efforts of the Moon, Mars, and other bodies are poised to focus heavily on persistent and sustainable survey and research efforts, especially given the recent interest in a long‐term sustainable human presence at the Moon. Key to these efforts understands a number of important processes on the lunar surface for both scientific and operational purposes. We discuss the potential value of in situ artificial substrate witness plates, powerful tools that can supplement familiar remote sensing and sample acquisition techniques and provide a sustainable way of monitoring processes in key locations on planetary surfaces while maintaining a low environmental footprint. These tools, which we call Biscuits, can use customized materials as wide ranging as zircon‐based spray coatings to metals potentially useable for surface structures, to target specific processes/questions as part of a small, passive witness plate that can be flexibly placed with respect to location and total time duration. We examine and discuss unique case studies to show how processes such as water presence/transport, presence and contamination of biologically relevant molecules, solar activity related effects, and other processes can be measured using Biscuits. Biscuits can yield key location sensitive, time integrated measurements on these processes to inform scientific understanding of the Moon and enable operational goals in lunar exploration. While we specifically demonstrate this on a simulated traverse and for selected examples, we stress all groups interested in planetary surfaces should consider these adaptable, low footprint, and highly informative tools for future exploration.

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Section: Capturing Key Processes On the Moonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Availability Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Availability Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Contamination Concerns and Biologically Interesting Moleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Contamination Concerns and Biologically Interesting Moleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

In Situ Optimized Substrate Witness Plates: Ground Truth for Key Processes on the Moon and Other Planets

Saxena,

Morrissey,

Killen

et al. 2023

Earth and Space Science

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Design and analysis of emergency protection scheme for manned spacecraft under leakage condition

Yang

Yang²,

Han³

2022

Advances in Space Research

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An airlock concept to reduce contamination risks during the human exploration of Mars

Vrankar,

Verseux,

Heinicke

2023

npj Microgravity

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Protecting the Martian environment from contamination with terrestrial microbes is generally seen as essential to the scientific exploration of Mars, especially when it comes to the search for indigenous life. However, while companies and space agencies aim at getting to Mars within ambitious timelines, the state-of-the-art planetary protection measures are only applicable to uncrewed spacecraft. With this paper, we attempt to reconcile these two conflicting goals: the human exploration of Mars and its protection from biological contamination. In our view, the one nominal mission activity that is most prone to introducing terrestrial microbes into the Martian environment is when humans leave their habitat to explore the Martian surface, if one were to use state-of-the-art airlocks. We therefore propose to adapt airlocks specifically to the goals of planetary protection. We suggest a concrete concept for such an adapted airlock, believing that only practical and implementable solutions will be followed by human explorers in the long run.

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International Space Station (ISS) Airlock Crewlock Depressurization Methods

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

In Situ Optimized Substrate Witness Plates: Ground Truth for Key Processes on the Moon and Other Planets

In Situ Optimized Substrate Witness Plates: Ground Truth for Key Processes on the Moon and Other Planets

Design and analysis of emergency protection scheme for manned spacecraft under leakage condition

An airlock concept to reduce contamination risks during the human exploration of Mars

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