International Spread of an Epidemic Population of Salmonella enterica Serotype Kentucky ST198 Resistant to Ciprofloxacin

Hello, Simon Le; Hendriksen, René S.; Doublet, Benoît; Fisher, I. S.T.; Nielsen, Eva Møller; Whichard, Jean M.; Bouchrif, Brahim; Fashae, Kayode; Granier, Sophie A.; Silva, Nathalie Jourdan-Da; Cloeckaert, Axel; Threlfall, E. John; Angulo, Frederick J.; Aarestrup, Frank Møller; Wain, John; Weill, François‐Xavier

doi:10.1093/infdis/jir409

Cited by 241 publications

(334 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…These isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin at ≥ 8 mg/l, reinforcing the usefulness of collecting quantitative data in the EU Monitoring Programme. A single Polish isolate was also resistant to cefotaxime, an important finding as ciprofloxacin and third-generation cephalosporins are important antimicrobials for the treatment of invasive salmonellosis in man (Le Hello et al, 2011;Wasyl and Hoszowski, 2012).…”

Section: Five Mss Reported Results For S Kentucky In Gallus Gallusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was found that 89 % of the 72 isolates examined were resistant to both nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin, with the unusual feature that the ciprofloxacin MIC was high at ≥ 8 mg/l in almost all resistant isolates. The most frequently observed pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) pattern exhibited by the Polish S. Kentucky isolates was indistinguishable from that observed in S. Kentucky ST198 by Le Hello et al (2011), who described the international spread of S. Kentucky ST198 resistant to ciprofloxacin in humans.…”

Section: Resistance Levels In S Kentucky From Poultrymentioning

confidence: 97%

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The European Union Summary Report on antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2010

2012

EFS2

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The antimicrobial resistance data on zoonotic and indicator bacteria in 2010, submitted by 26 European Union Member States, were jointly analysed by the European Food Safety Authority and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Data covered resistance in zoonotic Salmonella and Campylobacter from humans, food and animals, and in indicator Escherichia coli and enterococci from animals and food. Some data on meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in animals and food were also included. In isolates from humans, resistance was mainly interpreted using clinical breakpoints, whereas in animal and food isolates, microbiological resistance was defined using epidemiological cut-off values. No major changes in resistance in monitored bacteria were observed compared with previous years. Resistance was commonly found in isolates from humans, animals and food, although disparities in resistance were frequently observed between Member States. High resistance levels were recorded to ampicillin, tetracyclines and sulfonamides in Salmonella isolates from humans, whereas resistance to third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones remained low. In Salmonella and indicator E. coli isolates from fowl, pigs, cattle and meat thereof, resistance to tetracyclines, ampicillin and sulfonamides was also commonly detected, whereas resistance to third-generation cephalosporins was low. Moderate to high levels of ciprofloxacin (a fluoroquinolone) resistance were observed in Salmonella isolates from turkeys, fowl and broiler meat. In Campylobacter isolates from human cases, resistance to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid and tetracyclines was high, while resistance to erythromycin was recorded at low to moderate levels. High resistance to ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid and tetracyclines was also observed in Campylobacter isolates from fowl, broiler meat, pigs and cattle, whereas much lower levels were observed for erythromycin and gentamicin. Among the indicator enterococci isolates from animals and food, resistance to tetracyclines and erythromycin was commonly detected. Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was detected in some animal species and food of animal origin. mission is to identify, assess and communicate current and emerging threats to human health posed by infectious diseases. In order to achieve this mission, ECDC works in partnership with national public health bodies across Europe to strengthen and develop EU-wide disease surveillance and early warning systems. By working with experts throughout Europe, ECDC pools Europe's knowledge in health so as to develop authoritative scientific opinions about the risks posed by current and emerging infectious diseases. About the report SummaryZoonoses are infections and diseases that are transmissible between animals and humans. Infection can be acquired directly from animals, or through the ingestion of contaminated foodstuffs or other indirect contact. The severity of these infections in humans can vary from mild and asymptomatic to serio...

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Section: Five Mss Reported Results For S Kentucky In Gallus Gallusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resistance Levels In S Kentucky From Poultrymentioning

confidence: 97%

The European Union Summary Report on antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2010

2012

EFS2

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“…The emergence of resistant strains of Kentucky in Egypt and their expansion to African countries [28] can explain its predominance in Morocco. Le Hello et al suggested that the north and east of Africa could be the origin of infections by Kentucky in Europe [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, serotype distribution, and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolated from food products in Morocco

Amajoud

Bouchrif

Maadoudi

et al. 2017

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Salmonellosis is one of the most common foodborne diseases worldwide. The irrational use of antibiotics in medicine and in animal feed has greatly promoted the emergence and spread of resistant strains of non-typhoidal Salmonella. Methodology: A total of 464 food products were collected in Tetouan from January 2010 to December 2012. The isolation and identification of Salmonella were performed according to Moroccan standard 08.0.116. All isolates were serotyped and were then tested for antibiotic resistance using the disk diffusion method. Results: The microbiological analysis showed that 10.3% of food samples were contaminated with Salmonella. Eleven serotypes were identified: Kentucky 22.9% (11/48), Agona 16.7% (8/48), Reading 12.5% (6/48), Corvallis 8.3% (4/48), Saintpaul 8.3% (4/48), Typhimurium 6.2% (3/48), Montevideo 6.2% (3/48), Enteritidis 4.2% (2/48), and 2% (1/48) for each of Israel, Hadar, and Branderup. Drug susceptibility testing showed that 39.6% of Salmonella were resistant to at least one antibiotic and 60.4% were susceptible to all tested antibiotics. The highest percentage of resistance was found to the following antimicrobial agents: nalidixic acid (27.1%), sulfonamides (25%), amoxicillin (12.5%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid 12.5%, trimethoprim (10.4%), cephalothin (4.2%), and chloramphenicol (2.1%). Conclusions: This study revealed a relatively high prevalence of Salmonella in food products in Tetouan and a large percentage of drug-resistant strains. Hygienic measures should be rigorously implemented, and monitoring resistance of Salmonella is required to reduce the risks related to the emergence of multi-resistant bacteria.

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“…recent studies, S. Kentucky exhibits the potential to emerge as the most prominent Salmonella serotype in human disease (1,3).Therefore, this particular serovar is potentially an emerging risk for foodborne illness from a public health standpoint.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Salmonella enterica Serovar Kentucky Flagella Are Required for Broiler Skin Adhesion and Caco-2 Cell Invasion

Salehi

Howe

Lawrence

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Nontyphoidal Salmonella strains are the main source of pathogenic bacterial contamination in the poultry industry. Recently, Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky has been recognized as the most prominent serovar on carcasses in poultry-processing plants. Previous studies showed that flagella are one of the main factors that contribute to bacterial attachment to broiler skin. However, the precise role of flagella and the mechanism of attachment are unknown. There are two different flagellar subunits (fliC and fljB) expressed alternatively in Salmonella enterica serovars using phase variation. Here, by making deletions in genes encoding flagellar structural subunits (flgK, fliC, and fljB), and flagellar motor (motA), we were able to differentiate the role of flagella and their rotary motion in the colonization of broiler skin and cellular attachment. Utilizing a broiler skin assay, we demonstrated that the presence of FliC is necessary for attachment to broiler skin. Expression of the alternative flagellar subunit FljB enables Salmonella motility, but this subunit is unable to mediate tight attachment. Deletion of the flgK gene prevents proper flagellar assembly, making Salmonella significantly less adherent to broiler skin than the wild type. S. Kentucky with deletions in all three structural genes, fliC, fljB, and flgK, as well as a flagellar motor mutant (motA), exhibited less adhesion and invasion of Caco-2 cells, while an fljB mutant was as adherent and invasive as the wild-type strain.IMPORTANCE In this work, we answered clearly the role of flagella in S. Kentucky attachment to the chicken skin and Caco-2 cells. We demonstrated that the presence of FliC is necessary for attachment to broiler skin. Expression of the alternative flagellar subunit FljB enables Salmonella motility, but this subunit is unable to mediate strong attachment. Deletion of the flgK gene prevents proper flagellar assembly, making Salmonella significantly less adherent to broiler skin than the wild type. S. Kentucky with deletions in all three structural genes, fliC, fljB, and flgK, as well as a flagellar motor mutant (motA), exhibited less adhesion and invasion of Caco-2 cells, while an fljB mutant was as adherent and invasive as the wild-type strain. We expect these results will contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms of Salmonella attachment to food products.

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International Spread of an Epidemic Population of Salmonella enterica Serotype Kentucky ST198 Resistant to Ciprofloxacin

Cited by 241 publications

References 33 publications

The European Union Summary Report on antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2010

The European Union Summary Report on antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2010

Prevalence, serotype distribution, and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolated from food products in Morocco

Salmonella enterica Serovar Kentucky Flagella Are Required for Broiler Skin Adhesion and Caco-2 Cell Invasion

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