International standard for a linguistic annotation framework

Abstract

This paper describes the Linguistic Annotation Framework under development within ISO TC37 SC4 WG1. The Linguistic Annotation Framework is intended to serve as a basis for harmonizing existing language resources as well as developing new ones.

Proceedings of the Workshop on Open Infrastructures and Analysis Frameworks for HLT

“…For example, Ide et al (2003) and proposed Linguistic Annotation Framework (LAF), a graph-based annotation model, and its extension, Graph Annotation Format (GrAF), an XML serialization of LAF, for representing various corpora annotations. It can be used as a pivot format to run the transformations between different annotation models that adhere to the abstract data model.…”

An Open Linguistic Infrastructure for Annotated Corpora

“…11 The fully open distribution model pioneered by the OANC has now been adopted for all future releases of data and annotations 12 It was at this point that the ANC-OLI was conceived [12], thus creating the first collaborative, community-wide resource development effort in the field. Since then, three syntactic parses of eleven million words of the OANC (using the Charniak and Johnson parser, MaltParser, and LHT dependency converter, respectively) and named entity annotations of the entire OANC produced by the BBN tagger [20], have been contributed.…”

“…All of these annotations, apart from 420K of annotations for Penn Treebank syntax 15 , were contributed to the project. 11 www.anc.org/OANC/index.html 12 However, since 2005 the ANC project had no funding for production of additional data. 13 NSF CRI 0708952 14 MASC contains about 4K words of the 10K LU corpus, eliminating non-English and translated LU texts as well as texts that are not free of usage and redistribution restrictions.…”

“…The representation format of the ANC-OLI annotations must serve two purposes: it must be possible to transduce from formats of contributed annotations to the ANC-OLI format without loss of information, and the format must be interoperable with diverse tools and frameworks for searching, processing, and enhancing [15], which provides a framework for representing annotations based on an abstract model consisting of a graph of features structures, two very powerful and general data structures that have been widely used, either directly or as an underlying model, to represent linguistic information [11]. A fundamental tenet of the LAF model is that all annotations are in stand-off format, with references to primary data or other annotations.…”

The GOLD Community of Practice: an infrastructure for linguistic data on the Web

“…Finally, we also encourage the use of terminologies as developed by such standardization efforts as ISO TC37 SC4 Working Group 1-1, and (Ide, Romary & la Clergerie 2003).…”