International Study of 24-hour Movement Behaviors of Early Years (SUNRISE): A Pilot Study from Bangladesh

Abstract

Background This pilot study aimed to: (i) determine the proportion of preschool children (ages 3-4 who met the WHO guidelines; (ii) examine the feasibility of the proposed protocol for the SUNRISE study; and (iii) assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on movement behaviors of preschool children in Bangladesh. MethodsTime spent in physical activity, sedentary behavior and sleep were objectively measured using two types of accelerometers (ActiGraph wGT3x-BT and ActivPAL4). Screen time and sleep quality were assessed via parent questionnaire. Fine and gross motor skills were measured using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (3rdediction). Three executive functions were assessed using the Early Years Toolbox. Focus groups were conducted with parents and childcare staffs to determine the feasibility of the protocol. Follow up data during COVID-19 pandemic was collected from parents over phone. ResultsData from 63 preschool aged children and their parents was analysed in this pilot study. Only three children (4.7%) met the all components of the WHO guidelines. Separately, children meeting physical activity, sedentary screen time and sleep guidelines were 71.9% 17.5% and 59.7% respectively. The proportion of all children who were developmentally on-track for the gross and fine motor skills were 58.7% and 50.8%, respectively. Parents and educators reported that the protocol was feasible except for the activPAL-4 accelerometer. Approximately 39% of children (14 out of 37) who wore this device developed itchy skin and rashes resulting in the suspension of using this device mid-way through data collection. During COVID-19, there was a significant decrease in children’s total physical activity (-193 min/day), and time spent outside on weekdays (-75 min/day) and weekend days (-131 min/day) and a significant increase in sedentary screen time (+85 min/day).ConclusionOnly a low proportion of children met WHO guideline. Methods and devices (except ActivPAL4) used in this pilot study were proved to be feasible and therefore it has paved the way to conduct the main SUNRISE study in Bangladesh. Future measures should be taken to address the issue of movement behaviours of children during the time of pandemics like COVID-19.

Alterations in Healthy Behaviors in Arab Israeli ASD Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic

“…The results of the present research are in proportion to those of other studies that found a decrease in the time spent taking part in physical activity in typical children [3,7,28,[30][31][32][33][34] as well as in ASD children [35][36][37][38], and in meeting PA recommendations in healthy children [7,28,39,40] and children diagnosed with ASD [41][42][43][44][45]. The PA decrease appeared in various age stages.…”

“…These results are in line with Lopez-Gil et al (2020) [28] who found an enhancement in SD and meeting SD guidelines among typical Spanish and Brazilian children. In line with the present study, children in Canada were found to have slept for longer periods of time during the COVID-19 pandemic [33]. The small sample size of the current study may have limited the ability to detect differences in sleep patterns, even though our study's results are unable to pinpoint the precise causes of the lack of change in sleep duration.…”