International tourism demand in Asia: before and after the economic crisis

Lu, Ching-Lung; Chen, Sheng-Tung; Kuo, Hsiao-I

doi:10.1080/10941665.2018.1524774

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The worst losses occurred in July when foreign tourist visits reached 9.29%-10.24% of tourist visits that would have been if there was no pandemic. The pandemic reduced foreign tourist arrivals significantly, in line with the results in Lu et al (2018), Rehman et al (2020), and Mair et al (2016). If accumulated, Indonesia experienced a loss of foreign tourist arrivals of 9,508.16 million USD to 10,328.81 million USD as of January to August 2020 (Table 5).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 65%

Policy Socialization and Business Strategy Direction of Eco-Tourism

et al. 2022

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This study aims to estimate the losses of tourism-related sectors and businesses to take recovery steps by disseminating policies and strategic directions. This study uses the Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) to calculate losses. This study indicates that the average percentage of losses in the tourism sector from January to August 2020 is 68% (9,508 million USD) to 69% (10,328 million USD). Several sectors experienced losses, especially accommodation (2978 to 3235 million USD); food and beverages (1750 to 1900 million USD); and shopping (1530 to 1662 million USD). Business actors need to know the socialization of government policies such as fiscal stimulus, CHSE (Cleanliness Health Safety Sustainability) certification, and market reactivation. The direction of the right strategy is also carried out, such as product innovation, improvement of health protocols, digitization, and certification.How to Cite:Esquivias, M. A., Sugiharti, L., Rohmawati, H., & Jaya, I.M.L.M. (2022). Policy Socialization And Business Strategy Direction Of Eco-Tourism. Etikonomi, 21(1), 193-212. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v21i1.23068.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 65%

Policy Socialization and Business Strategy Direction of Eco-Tourism

et al. 2022

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“…Travel inspiration is uncertain and subject to change because of envisioned and inconsistent internal and external events such as emergencies, catastrophes (Butowski, 2017;Masiero et al, 2015;Stylidis, 2015;Chemli et al, 2020). Based on the theory of planned behaviour (Ajzen, 1991), travellers' expectations depend on internal or external variables that impact their movement inspiration when visiting (Garg, 2018;Lopes, 2011;Lu et al, 2018;Sigala, 2020;Wong & Li, 2015). Malaysia's tourism industry has experienced difficulty owing to a decline in traveller appearances, especially in Asian and European tourists, from 2014 to 2019.…”

Section: Introduction and Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visit intention and destination image in post-Covid-19 crisis recovery

Ahmad

Jamaludin

Zuraimi

et al. 2020

Current Issues in Tourism

173

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The aim of this research is to analyze the factors influencing visit intention and destination image in post-Covid-19 crisis recovery. In post-crisis recovery, the factors influencing visit intention are physical, sociopsychological and financial factors. A total of 426 respondents were selected and analyzed using correlation and multiple regression analyses. The findings demonstrate that physical factors are the main factors that influence tourists' visit intention. Additionally, destination image significantly affects visit intention and significantly mediates the relationship between the factors and visit intention. All this inevitably affects the organizational structure of the tourist destination.

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“…Similarly, tourism arrivals are significantly influenced by the income level of tourists (income elastic), with tourism considered a luxury good. Relative prices hold a negative sign indicating that a loss in relative prices (price competitiveness) may decrease tourism arrivals (Lu et al , 2018). On the contrary, substitution prices suggest that gains in price competitiveness compared to alternative top destinations could lead to larger inflows of tourists in ASEAN (substitution effect taking place).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of cultural distance in boosting international tourism arrivals in ASEAN: a gravity model

Heriqbaldi

Esquivias

Agusti

2023

CBTH

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Purpose This study aims to explore the role of cultural distance, economic integration, price competitiveness and substitution prices for tourism arrivals between 10 Southeast Asian (ASEAN) countries and 22 other origin countries from 2007 to 2019. Design/methodology/approach A panel-data gravity model is applied to estimate tourism demand in the ASEAN region. An index of cultural distance (time-variant) is introduced to examine the role of cultural differences across bilateral partners. Moreover, relative prices and substitution prices are introduced to the gravity equation to estimate price elasticities. Finally, this study tested whether the ASEAN free trade agreements (FTAs) encourage intraregional tourism arrivals. Two-panel regression approaches are used to test the model. Findings Cultural distance positively affects tourism inflows, boosting foreign arrivals. Income and price elasticities are important determinants in the demand model for ASEAN. A gain in price competitiveness versus alternative destinations can lead to substitution in destination choice. Meanwhile, geographic distance has a negative impact on arrivals, suggesting that connectivity and transportation are key in boosting tourism inflows in ASEAN. A decline in the disposable incomes of tourists caused by the COVID-19 pandemic may reduce tourism arrivals in the region. However, when currencies in ASEAN weaken, and consumer prices are lower than in other destinations, arrivals in ASEAN will be stimulated. FTAs have facilitated travel intra-ASEAN, which is an advantage over the extra-ASEAN sector. Practical implications Cultural heritage could be used in tourism promotion as ASEAN can attract tourists seeking novelty and new excitements. ASEAN countries could create complementary destinations and jointly promote cultural heritage to accelerate the region’s recovery. The depreciation of currencies in ASEAN and the gain in relative price competitiveness could attract more tourist visits, helping the region reestablish tourism activities in a postpandemic economy. Originality/value The model accounts for three key variables in the gravity approach: cultural distance in ASEAN tourism inflows, the effects of the ASEAN economic community on intraregional tourism, and relative and alternative price competitiveness. This study enriches the literature about tourism-demand approaches in modeling tourism arrivals.

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International tourism demand in Asia: before and after the economic crisis

Cited by 12 publications

References 25 publications

Policy Socialization and Business Strategy Direction of Eco-Tourism

Policy Socialization and Business Strategy Direction of Eco-Tourism

Visit intention and destination image in post-Covid-19 crisis recovery

The role of cultural distance in boosting international tourism arrivals in ASEAN: a gravity model

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