“…In contrast, trade openness has little effect on the deforestation of Pakistan. Our results are consistent with the findings of Suri and Chapman, (1998a,b); Suri and Chapman, (1998a,b), Culas, 2007, DeFries et al, 2010, Carvalho et al, 2013and Ahmed, 2014 in terms of the effect of growth, energy, urbanization and trade effect on environmental degradation, respectively, and is inconsistent with Harbaugh et al, 2002;Copeland and Taylor, 2003;Peters et al, 2011;Ahmed andLong, 2012 andQazi et al, 2012, especially on the relationship of trade and environmental degradation. The statistically significant relationship (in the light of the EKC hypothesis) can be justified because Pakistan is still in the process of developing environmental standards for key sectors that contribute to growth at large, in addition to heavily relying on fossil fuel energy sources, which deplete environmental quality.…”