Internationalism, Environmental Necessity, and National Interest: Marine Science and Other Sciences

Rozwadowski, Helen M.

doi:10.1023/b:mine.0000030023.04586.45

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…As regards fisheries, this seems reasonable given that many countries share closely overlapping fishing grounds and thus proximate fisheries interests, across shared ecoregions. Indeed, historians have shown that the requirements of the marine environment—for instance, the (de)territorialising impulse of people, fish and the sea (Bear, )—have historically been amongst the drivers of internationalisation in the field (Hamblin, ; Rozwadowski, ). However, our analysis suggests that distant fishing interests also breed collaboration, as do distant colonial ties.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exploring these issues further in relation to the trends exhibited by the aggregated network, it is worth noting that although a spirit of internationalism has always animated the field (Hamblin, ; Rozwadowski, ), the bulk of fisheries science has long been produced by states with significant fishing interests around the globe (Finley, ; Smith, ). In this regard, whilst the geography of fisheries science (Adams, ) may have expanded, this pattern has not.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mapping the global network of fisheries science collaboration

et al. 2019

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As socio‐environmental problems have proliferated over the past decades, one narrative which has captured the attention of policymakers and scientists has been the need for collaborative research that spans traditional boundaries. Collaboration, it is argued, is imperative for solving these problems. Understanding how collaboration is occurring in practice is important, however, and may help explain the idea space across a field. In an effort to make sense of the shape of fisheries science, here we construct a co‐authorship network of the field, from a data set comprising 73,240 scientific articles, drawn from 50 journals and published between 2000 and 2017. Using a combination of social network analysis and machine learning, the work first maps the global structure of scientific collaboration amongst fisheries scientists at the author, country and institutional levels. Second, it uncovers the hidden subgroups—here country clusters and communities of authors—within the network, detailing also the topical focus, publication outlets and relative impact of the largest fisheries science communities. We find that whilst the fisheries science network is becoming more geographically extensive, it is simultaneously becoming more intensive. The uncovered network exhibits characteristics suggestive of a thin style of collaboration, and groupings that are more regional than they are global. Although likely shaped by an array of overlapping micro‐ and macro‐level factors, the analysis reveals a number of political–economic patterns that merit reflection by both fisheries scientists and policymakers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the global network of fisheries science collaboration

et al. 2019

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“…An example involving zoology was the discovery and naming of Pacific marine invertebrates, which reflected the exercise of cultural imperialism by serving as a means of "claiming" the ocean in the name of the nations that sponsored expeditions, in much the same way as did the collection of plants for Kew Gardens, the mapping of India, and polar exploration (Brockway 1979;Edney 1997;Burnett 2000;Robinson 2006). A final example is how the industrialization of fisheries at the end of the nineteenth century made knowledge about the sea pressing enough to promote lasting international cooperation in fisheries science (Rozwadowski 2004). The current tight, if uneasy, links between science and policymaking in fisheries emerged as a product of the work through which fisheries scientists knew nature.…”

Section: Knowing Nature Through Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oceans: Fusing the History of Science and Technology with Environmental History

Rozwadowski

2010

A Companion to American Environmental History

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Environmental historians have forged sophisticated understandings of interrelationships between humans and many parts of the natural world. The oceans -especially the great depths and the open seas -remain a challenge. In 1864, Henry David Thoreau expressed deeply held cultural assumptions about the timelessness and imperviousness of the sea:We do not associate the idea of antiquity with the ocean, nor wonder how it looked a thousand years ago, as we do of the land, for it was equally wild and unfathomable always. The Indians left no traces on its surface, but it is the same to the civilized man and the savage. The aspect of the shore only has changed. (1896: 85) This apparent contrast between land and sea continues to hold sway; the ocean remains to many "empty of history, utterly without a past" (Stilgoe 1994: 30).To the extent that historians have begun, recently, to turn seaward, the view seems always to include land as well as sea -islands, beaches, littoral environments, and ocean basins with an emphasis on rims. Scholars who take seriously the aims of environmental history must also seek to historicize the ocean itself, including its most remote parts, because even those are as intertwined with human history as the far corners of the terrestrial world. Similarly, histories of the ocean that deal only with oceanic peoples or those engaged in maritime work will never be as comprehensive as those that also succeed in accounting for the myriad other groups of people who interact with the ocean -consumers, writers, scientists, recreationalists, policymakers, dreamers -some of whom never even see the ocean. This essay situates

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“…47 Internationalism in marine science had been on the agenda of many ocean explorers since the formation of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea in 1902. 48 After the Second World War oceanographic internationalism became much more strongly coupled to international policy-making and ocean research expanded dramatically. In his book on the international focus of American oceanography during the Cold War, the historian of science Jacob Darwin Hamblin shows how oceanographers made the most of the political strategy of containment promoted by the Truman administration immediately after the war.…”

Section: Scientific Internationalism Combined With Foreign Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

Postcolonial partnerships: deep sea research, media coverage and (inter)national narratives on the Galathea Deep Sea Expedition from 1950 to 1952

Nielsen

2009

Br J Hist Sci

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The Danish Galathea Deep Sea Expedition between 1950 and 1952 combined scientific and official objectives with the production of national and international narratives distributed through the daily press and other media. Dispatched by the Danish government on a newly acquired naval ship, the expedition undertook groundbreaking deep sea research while also devoting efforts to showing the flag, public communication of science, and international cooperation. The expedition was conceived after the war as a way in which to rehabilitate Denmark's reputation internationally and to rebuild national pride. To this end, the expedition included an onboard press section reporting the expedition to the Danish public and to an international audience. The press section mediated the favourable, post-war and postcolonial image of Denmark as an internationalist, scientific, modernizing and civilizing nation for which the expedition planners and many others were hoping. The expedition, therefore, was highly relevant to, indeed fed on, the emerging internationalist agenda in Denmark's foreign policy. Bringing out these aspects of the historical context of the expedition, this paper adds important perspectives to our knowledge about the expedition in particular and, more generally, about scientific exploration in the immediate post-war and postcolonial period.

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Internationalism, Environmental Necessity, and National Interest: Marine Science and Other Sciences

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Mapping the global network of fisheries science collaboration

Mapping the global network of fisheries science collaboration

Oceans: Fusing the History of Science and Technology with Environmental History

Postcolonial partnerships: deep sea research, media coverage and (inter)national narratives on the Galathea Deep Sea Expedition from 1950 to 1952

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