Internationalization of Corporate Finance in the European Union: Challenges and Opportunities for Global Competitiveness

Abstract

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the internationalization of corporate finance in the European Union (EU), focusing on its critical role in fostering global competitiveness and addressing the internal challenges of financial integration. It evaluates the progress achieved through key initiatives, such as the Capital Markets Union (CMU) and the adoption of the euro, which have significantly enhanced cross-border capital flows, improved financial stability, and reduced transaction costs. The study underscores the importance of aligning EU financial markets with global standards to support innovation-driven sectors, including renewable energy, fintech, and digital finance, which are pivotal to sustainable economic growth. At the same time, the article identifies enduring obstacles that hinder the seamless internationalization of corporate finance in the EU. These include regulatory fragmentation, tax disparities, and structural economic differences among member states, all of which limit the access of firms – particularly small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) – to diversified and cost-efficient funding sources. The EU’s reliance on a bank-centered financial model is critically examined, with the study highlighting its implications for innovation, competitiveness, and financial resilience. The article provides a theoretical and methodological foundation for understanding corporate finance internationalization. It emphasizes the structural advantages of market- oriented systems while advocating for comprehensive reforms within the EU. Key recommendations include completing initiatives such as the CMU and Banking Union, achieving regulatory and tax harmonization, and adopting digital finance technologies to enhance cross-border efficiency and reduce operational complexities. By addressing these challenges, the EU can create a unified and robust financial system that not only strengthens its internal market but also enhances its competitiveness on the global stage. The findings of this study contribute to both academic understanding and practical policymaking by outlining strategies to advance financial integration, foster innovation, and ensure the EU’s long-term leadership in the global financial landscape.