“…Over the decades, international business (IB) studies have led to an increased interest in the field of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) due to the rapid economic expansion of several emerging multinational enterprises (EMNEs) (Cuervo-Cazurra et al , 2014; Cuervo-Cazurra and Li, 2021; Kalasin et al , 2020; Molina-Sieiro et al , 2023; Zhang et al , 2022). Consequently, proponents of the resource-based view argue that government provides unique resources inherent to SOEs (Chan and Pattnaik, 2021; Panicker et al , 2022; Wang et al , 2012a). Accordingly, the government functions as a distinctive shareholder, providing benefits to SOEs, such as more access to resources (Benito et al , 2016; Huang et al , 2022), financial support (Finchelstein et al , 2022; Tan et al , 2014) and political ties facilitating access to location advantage and decision of investment (Panibratov et al , 2022).…”