Internationally Comparable Indicators on Biochnology: A Stocktaking and Proposal for Work

Biotechnology: What it is, what it is not, and the challenges in reaching a national or global consensus

“…Biotechnology is simply the use of microorganisms, and plant and animal cells, to produce materials such as food, medicine, and chemicals that are useful to mankind. Biotechnology is defined as the application of science and technology to living organisms as well as parts, products, and models thereof, to alter living or nonliving materials for the production of knowledge, goods, and services [5].…”

“…Biotechnology has been defined as the application of science and engineering to the direct or indirect use of living organisms, or parts of products of living organisms, in their natural modified forms“ [5]. Canada also uses a list of technologies as an added component (Table I, see also Ref.…”

“…Biotechnologies—technologies for and by living organisms—aim to improve the well‐being of humanity as well as its nutritional and natural environment [5]. France also uses a list of technologies as an added component (Table I, see also Ref.…”

“…The application of science and technology to living organisms (as well as partial organisms, organism products, models, etc.) in order to develop, produce, and/or change living material and nonliving material, for the purpose of producing knowledge, products, or services [5].…”

“…The science of the production processes based on the action of micro‐organisms and their active components and of production processes involving the use of cells and tissues from higher organisms [5].…”