The aim of the paper was to systematically review the literature on computer-based psychological treatments for depression and conduct a meta-analysis of the RCT studies, including examining variables which may effect outcomes. Database and hand searches were made using specific search terms and inclusion criteria. The review included a total of 40 studies (45 published papers), and 19 RCTs (23 published papers)were included in a standard meta-analysis. The review describes the different computer- research is required to determine the best type, frequency, and duration of human support for users (Marks, Cavanagh, & Gega, 2007). Secondly, dropout is a continued cause of concern, with only just over half completing all sessions (Waller & Gilbody, 2009). Whether support predicts dropout is of importance, but has yet to be determined.The current systematic review and meta-analysis sought to evaluate the overall effectiveness of computer-based treatments for depression, as well as examining the impact of support on dropout rates and clinical outcomes. A number of other reviews and meta-analysis exist to date (Andersson & Cuijpers, 2009; Barak, Hen, BonielNissim, & Shapira, 2008; Spek, Cuijpers et al., 2007).This paper aimed to provide a systematic update to this previous work and to use meta- All results were assessed at either title, abstract, or by reading the full paper to determine whether the study met the established inclusion criteria. Included studies could be deployed using a variety of different computer-based technologies, synchronously and asynchronously, they could be solely self-administered or therapistled; or a blended delivery using both. Study participants had to be adults (18+ years) with depression (self-report or diagnosis), established using valid and reliable measures, whom may also have had comorbidity, e.g. anxiety or physical health problems. Studies included were published in peer-reviewed journals in English in the last 10 years, which investigated a computer-based treatment for depression, and included reliable and valid
A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPTCOMPUTER-BASED PSYCHOLOGICAL TREATMENTS FOR DEPRESSION 5 outcome measures for assessing depression. Participants could be from the general population or a clinical group so long as depression was specifically measured.Preliminary research into recent developments in computerized paradigms for depression such as cognitive bias modification (CBM) based interventions were not considered for inclusion (e.g. Blackwell & Holmes, 2010).Duplicates were rejected and studies were assessed by the first author, any difficulties discussed with the second author, and a final decision reached. Finally, a hand search was made of papers to identify other relevant studies for inclusion. For the systematic review a comprehensive summary of information extracted from the papers was written, that considered the interventions employed, methodological design, communication and support types used in the studies, clinical outcomes, ...