“…However, early research optioned clerical staff employed in different occupational sectors ( Bouckenooghe et al, 2019 ), rural left-behind children ( Zhu et al, 2021 ), college students ( Chen et al, 2021 ), or teachers worked in different educational stages ( Ferradás et al, 2019 ); Second, different studies used different measurement tools. Early studies mostly used Psychological Capital Questionnaire including efficacy, hope, optimism, and resilience four factors (PCQ-24, Luthans et al, 2007a , b ; Bouckenooghe et al, 2019 ; Chen et al, 2021 ) or a questionnaire that was adjusted by PCQ-24 according to the needs of research ( Ferradás et al, 2019 ; Zhu et al, 2021 ). This study used the Chinese Indigenous Psychological Capital Scale ( Ke et al, 2009 ) which had 40 items and two dimensions measuring task-oriented and interpersonal-oriented psychological capital.…”