“…But most of them focus on calibrating the LiDAR itself for high accuracy and long range, instead of optimizing the sensor position and tilting parameters of the roadside LiDAR sensors for better coverage and objection detection performance. There are commercial simulation models with LiDAR simulation based on its manufacture configuration and preset effective range, for example, Blensor (30), Ondulus LiDAR (31) for ideal optical simulation. However, in field deployment, LiDAR sensor performance can be affected by many factors, such as weather (32)(33)(34)(35)(36), cleanness of the lenses (37), surface reflexibility, and other road geometry and infrastructure limitations.…”